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„Nové prístupy": ako si čínska ekonomika udržala odolnosť a začala sa zotavovať
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News provided by

CGTN

Dec 19, 2022, 16:37 ET

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PEKING, 19. decembra 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Niektoré médiá zvýšili svoj hlas, keď informovali, že čínske kontroly ochorenia COVID-19 poškodili hospodárstvo krajiny.

Počas troch rokov boja proti epidémii sa tempo hospodárskeho rastu samotnej Číny spomalilo. Stále však vedie nad ostatnými veľkými ekonomikami.

Na základe odhadu ekonómov, ktorí tento rok odhadujú tempo rastu na úrovni 3,3 %, dosiahne čínska ekonomika v rokoch 2020 až 2022 priemerné ročné tempo rastu 4,5 %, čím v rovnakom období predbehne všetky veľké ekonomiky sveta.

V roku 2020 včasné obmedzenia v súvislosti s pandémiou ochorenia COVID-19 pomohli Číne obnoviť výrobnú kapacitu, čím sa stala jedinou veľkou ekonomikou, ktorá zaznamenala pozitívny rast. Napriek prísnym opatreniam na kontrolu ochorenia COVID, ktoré v nasledujúcich dvoch rokoch znížili spotrebu a služby v niektorých mestách, priemyselná výroba a vývoz krajiny zostávajú silné.

„Celosvetová závislosť od čínskej produkcie sa zvýšila. Zahraničné investície v Číne boli pomerne aktívne aj počas vrcholu pandémie ochorenia COVID," povedal pre CGTN Wang Dan, hlavný ekonóm Hang Seng Bank China.

Udržujte ceny na miernej úrovni

Väčšina veľkých ekonomík uvoľnila v skoršom štádiu na svojich trhoch obrovské množstvo likvidity s cieľom kompenzovať vplyv ochorenia COVID-19 na ekonomiku.

„USA a Európa štedro rozdávali hotovosť domácnostiam, čo bolo nevyhnutné na zmiernenie negatívnych účinkov pre zraniteľné rodiny, ale zároveň aj hlavným zdrojom vysokej inflácie," povedal Wang.

Začiatkom tohto roka dosiahla inflácia v USA a veľkých európskych ekonomikách desaťročnú úroveň, čo viedlo centrálne banky k zvyšovaniu úrokových sadzieb nadštandardným tempom, aby skrotili vysoko rastúce ceny. Podľa miestnych médií si spotrebitelia v súvislosti s pretrvávajúcou infláciou začali uťahovať opasky.

V porovnaní s tým bola menová expanzia Číny v reakcii na pandémiu mierna a zamerala sa na pomoc podnikom, aby mohli naďalej poskytovať pracovné miesta a stabilný príjem domácnostiam. 

Čína odviedla v tomto roku „vynikajúcu prácu" pri stabilizácii cien, čo plne odráža flexibilitu a relevantnosť jej politík makrokontroly, uviedol Dong Yu, výkonný viceprezident Čínskeho inštitútu pre rozvojové plánovanie na Univerzite Čching-chua.

„Zhoršenie pred zlepšením"

Čína nedávno oznámila 10 nových opatrení na ďalšiu optimalizáciu prevencie a kontroly ochorenia COVID-19, ktoré sú súčasťou jej úsilia o vyváženie kontroly epidémie s hospodárskym a sociálnym rozvojom.

Krajina zrušila obmedzenia pri cestovaní a okrem špeciálnych miest už nevyžaduje negatívne výsledky PCR testov a zdravotné kódy.

Nové opatrenia pomôžu obnoviť sektor služieb, ale hospodárske výsledky sa „skôr zhoršia, ako zlepšia", povedal Wang.

Keďže sa infekcie šíria, niektorí ľudia sa rozhodnú zostať doma, aby sa vyhli davom a nákaze vírusom. To sa odráža v obmedzenom oživení mobility a podnikateľskej aktivity.

Nové opatrenia pripravia pôdu pre úplné oživenie, uviedol Wang a dodal, že hospodárske oživenie sa zrýchli v priebehu roka 2023, pričom hlavným motorom domáceho dopytu bude oživenie spotreby. „Očakávame, že úroveň maloobchodu sa do konca roka 2023 vráti na úroveň roka 2019 a po roku 2024 sa postupne priblíži k historickému trendu."

Čínska výročná Ústredná ekonomická pracovná konferencia, ktorá sa konala od štvrtka do piatka v Pekingu, prisľúbila, že v budúcom roku podporí domáci dopyt tým, že uprednostní oživenie a rozšírenie spotreby.

Ekonómovia predpovedajú, že rast HDP Číny dosiahne v roku 2023 približne 5 %, zatiaľ čo v USA a eurozóne sa očakáva zvýšenie približne o 1 % a pokles o 0,2 %.

https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-12-17/-New-Approaches-How-China-has-picked-up-economic-recovery-1fQj4Bh90OY/index.html

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