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Países do grupo BRICS: atraso nas reformas comprometem desenvolvimento positivo

Crescimento apenas não vai resolver os problemas, se mercados emergentes não promoverem mudanças simultaneamente


News provided by

Bertelsmann Stiftung

Oct 15, 2012, 11:00 ET

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BERLIM e RIO DE JANEIRO, 15 de outubro de 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Ao contrário dos prognósticos de sucesso nos últimos anos, os países chamados de BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul -- South Africa, em inglês) precisam muito promover reformas em áreas políticas essenciais. Ao mesmo tempo, seus sistemas políticos carecem, frequentemente, de capacidade para promover as reformas, o que compromete o crescimento potencial no futuro. Um estudo comparativo internacional, feito em grande escala pela fundação alemã Bertelsmann Stiftung, também chegou à mesma conclusão.

A urgência do problema e a capacidade de promover reformas variam significativamente entre os cinco países. Por comparação, o Brasil é o país com perspectivas mais promissoras para o futuro. Nesse país, grandes reformas, como por exemplo o combate à pobreza e às desigualdades sociais, foram implementadas recentemente. No entanto, o sistema educacional socialmente injusto continua sendo um grande ônus para as perspectivas futuras do país. De acordo com os especialistas responsáveis pelo estudo, o Brasil tem feito esforços continuados para fortalecer seus requisitos institucionais para uma boa governança e alinhá-los com os padrões internacionais.

A África do Sul obteve êxito, recentemente, no aperfeiçoamento de sua capacidade de promover reformas no planejamento estratégico de políticas. Entretanto, defasagens na implementação de políticas já estão apresentando um impacto negativo, particularmente nas áreas de educação e no mercado de trabalho.

O desenvolvimento demográfico da Índia pode ser bem promissor de uma perspectiva econômica, mas as expectativas de crescimento são comprometidas por enormes desequilíbrios regionais e sociais, como, por exemplo, nos setores de educação e saúde e por uma infraestrutura inadequada. Os recursos institucionais para boa governança são similares aos do Brasil, em nível nacional. Entretanto, há grandes deficiências em um nível subnacional, especialmente no combate à corrupção.

O resultado para a China é ambivalente. A continuação da tendência de crescimento depende da possibilidade de o país conseguir enfrentar seus problemas de demografia, desigualdade social e poluição crescente. Nesse país, segundo revela o estudo, há limites à responsabilidade política centralista.

O país com pior desempenho no estudo comparativo é a Rússia, com claras deficiências na estratégia governamental, coordenação e recursos de implementação. Além disso, uma estratégia econômica unilateral, o clientelismo e a falta de envolvimento da sociedade civil estão obstruindo o desenvolvimento sustentável do país.

O presidente da Bertelsmann Stiftung, Aart De Geus, considera: "Contra esse pano de fundo, parece duvidosa a possibilidade de alguns dos países do grupo BRICS irão conseguir corresponder às expectativas quanto ao desenvolvimento de suas perspectivas para o futuro. Mesmo que as enormes taxas de crescimento desses países permaneçam altas, o crescimento, por si só, não irá superar os tremendos desafios. Os países do grupo BRICS devem, portanto, concentrar seus esforços, mais do que nunca, em reformas políticas, sociais e econômicas em seus países".

Para fazer perguntas, por favor, contate: Najim Azahaf,
Celular: +49 172 2867532
e-mail: [email protected]

Dr Daniel Schraad-Tischler,
Celular: +49 172 2631499
e-mail: [email protected]

Mais informações podem ser obtidas no site www.sgi-network.org/brics.

FONTE  Bertelsmann Stiftung

FONTE Bertelsmann Stiftung

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