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Proteómica a gran escala en estudios poblacionales de Reino Unido e Islandia
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deCODE genetics Amgen logo

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deCODE genetics

Oct 04, 2023, 11:00 ET

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REYKJAVIK, Islandia, 25 de septiembre de 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- En un artículo publicado hoy, los científicos de deCODE Genetics comparten sus conclusiones de un estudio de proteómica plasmática realizado con métodos basados en la afinidad. Analizaron las proteínas en el contexto de las enfermedades y la diversidad en la secuencia del genoma y compararon las mediciones realizadas mediante dos plataformas de miles de proteínas en muestras de grandes grupos del Biobanco de Reino Unido e Islandia.

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Kari Stefansson, Grimur Hjorleifsson and Patrick Sulem, scientists at deCODE genetics and authors on the paper.
Kari Stefansson, Grimur Hjorleifsson and Patrick Sulem, scientists at deCODE genetics and authors on the paper.

En un artículo publicado hoy en Nature, científicos de deCODE Genetics, una filial de la empresa farmacéutica Amgen, demuestran cómo la proteómica plasmática puede contribuir a comprender mejor las enfermedades. El estudio, centrado en el proteoma plasmático, llevó al equipo a encontrar asociaciones entre diversas enfermedades y los niveles de proteínas específicas. "La medición de un gran número de proteínas en una cohorte poblacional permite descubrir biomarcadores circulantes y detectar precozmente enfermedades", afirmó Patrick Sulem, científico de deCODE genetics y uno de los autores principales del artículo.

Además, los científicos aprovecharon los factores genéticos que influyen en los niveles de proteínas para esclarecer los vínculos biológicos entre las asociaciones de variantes de secuencia y la patogénesis de la aparición de enfermedades. "La relación biológica entre la asociación de una variante de secuencia con una enfermedad puede ser a menudo elusiva. La incorporación de la proteogenómica al análisis puede descubrir los mecanismos moleculares del desarrollo de enfermedades", afirmó Kári Stefánsson, científico de deCODE genetics.

Los científicos analizaron datos de unos 50.000 individuos de ascendencia europea, africana y asiática del Biobanco de Reino Unido, utilizando 2.941 inmunoensayos en la plataforma Olink Explore. Los datos fueron generados por el UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP), un consorcio de trece empresas biofarmacéuticas, entre ellas Amgen, que estudian los biomarcadores proteicos circulantes. Los autores compararon estos resultados con los de un estudio anterior en el que analizaron los datos de unos 40.000 islandeses utilizando 4.907 ensayos basados en aptámeros en la plataforma SomaScan. En total, identificaron más de 80.000 asociaciones entre variantes de secuencia y niveles de proteínas y más de 500.000 asociaciones de enfermedades y otros rasgos con niveles de proteínas.

Los científicos observaron discrepancias en las mediciones de los niveles de proteínas cuando se examinó un subconjunto de muestras utilizando ambas plataformas. Estas diferencias entre plataformas afectaron al descubrimiento de biomarcadores circulantes de la enfermedad y a la detección de factores genéticos que influyen al mismo tiempo en los niveles de proteínas y en la manifestación de la enfermedad. Al examinar grandes cohortes de Islandia y Reino Unido, se pudo detectar un número considerable de asociaciones, lo que dio sentido a la comparación. Los autores subrayaron el valor de la validación de ensayos individuales caso por caso.

"Aunque estas dos plataformas proteómicas son instrumentos útiles para el análisis simultáneo de miles de proteínas en grandes conjuntos de datos, es necesaria una validación cuidadosa de las proteínas individuales", afirmó Kári Stefánsson, consejero delegado de deCODE genetics y uno de los autores principales del artículo.

Con sede en Reikiavik (Islandia), deCODE es líder mundial en el análisis y la comprensión del genoma humano. Gracias a su experiencia única y a sus recursos poblacionales, deCODE ha descubierto factores genéticos de riesgo para docenas de enfermedades comunes. El objetivo de comprender la genética de las enfermedades es utilizar esa información para crear nuevos medios de diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades. deCODE es una filial propiedad al cien por cien de Amgen (NASDAQ: AMGN). 

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