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Reducción en los Nacimientos Prematuros lleva a una Mejora en la Supervivencia Infantil


News provided by

March of Dimes

May 11, 2012, 09:24 ET

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WHITE PLAINS, Nueva York, 11 de mayo del 2012 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Más de mil bebés menos fallecieron antes de celebrar su primer cumpleaños entre el 2007 y el 2008, y muchos de ellos tuvieron los beneficios de un embarazo completo, según información dada a conocer hoy por el Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud (NCHS).

La tasa de mortalidad infantil en Estados Unidos bajó 2 por ciento entre el 2007 y el 2008. El índice se redujo de 6.75 a 6.61 fallecidos por cada mil nacidos vivos. El informe del NCHS concluyó que esta baja en la tasa de mortalidad infantil se debe a una reducción en los nacimientos prematuros. Aunque el índice de mortalidad infantil se mantuvo relativamente sin cambios entre el 2000 y el 2005, esta reciente mejora representa una declinación del 4 por ciento en la mortalidad infantil desde el 2000 y de 13 por ciento desde 1995.

"Esta información demuestra de manera concluyente que la prevención de los nacimientos prematuros salva vidas", expresó la Dra. Jennifer L. Howse, presidenta de March of Dimes. "Pero 28,000 recién nacidos no cumplieron su primer año de vida. Ningún padre debe pasar jamás por la experiencia de perder a un hijo por nacimiento prematuro o por cualquier otra causa".

La tasa de nacimientos prematuros en Estados Unidos tuvo su cota máxima en el 2006 con un 12.8 por ciento. El índice ha descendido cuatro años consecutivos a poco menos de 12 por ciento en el 2010. March of Dimes dice que buena parte de esta mejora puede atribuirse a una declinación en el índice de niños nacidos unas pocas semanas antes de lo debido, lo que pudiera vincularse a mejores prácticas hospitalarias que desalientan los partos prematuros electivos, que pueden resultar en el fallecimiento de los niños nacidos antes de tiempo.

Casi medio millón de niños nacen prematuramente en Estados Unidos todos los años. Los que sobreviven enfrentan un mayor riesgo de problemas médicos a largo plazo, como parálisis cerebral, problemas respiratorios, discapacidad intelectual y otros.

Según un nuevo reporte mundial sobre los nacimientos prematuros, Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth [Nacidos Demasiado Pronto: Informe Mundial de Acción sobre los Nacimientos Prematuros], emitido anteriormente este mes, más de 15 millones de bebés nacen prematuramente y 1.1 millón fallecen como resultado del nacimiento prematuro.

March of Dimes ha fijado la meta de reducir la tasa nacional de nacimientos prematuros al 9.6 por ciento de todos los nacimientos para el 2020. La fundación afirma que la meta puede lograrse mediante la combinación de actividades, como: dar a todas las mujeres en edad de procrear acceso a cobertura de salud, preconcepción y servicios prenatales; implementar completamente medidas probadas para reducir el riesgo de los nacimientos prematuros, como no fumar durante el embarazo, tratamiento de progesterona a las mujeres cuando sea el caso, evitar nacimientos múltiples debido a tratamientos contra la infertilidad, evitar el parto inducido electivo y los partos por cesárea, y financiar nuevas investigaciones en la prevención de los nacimientos prematuros.

Las nuevas estadísticas de la NCHS muestran que mientras más prematuro nace un bebé mayor es el riesgo de muerte, pero la Dra. Howse afirma que es importante notar que incluso los bebés nacidos pocas semanas antes de lo debido –entre las semanas 34 y 36 de gestación– tienen índices de muerte tres veces mayores que los nacidos a su debido tiempo. En el 2008, casi dos terceras partes de todas las muertes de niños ocurrieron en el primer mes de vida y dos tercios eran bebés prematuros, según el NCHS.

March of Dimes es la organización sin fines de lucro líder dedicada a los embarazos y la salud de los recién nacidos. Con capítulos a nivel nacional, March of Dimes trabaja para mejorar la salud de los bebés mediante la prevención de los defectos de nacimiento, el nacimiento prematuro y la mortalidad infantil. Para ver los recursos y la información más actualizada, visite marchofdimes.com o nacersano.org. Encuéntrenos en Facebook y síganos en Twitter.

FUENTE  March of Dimes

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