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Relatório de especialistas em saúde pública lamenta "oportunidade perdida" enquanto a Organização Mundial de Saúde debate a política global para o tabaco
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A Knowledge Action Change critica a Organização Mundial de Saúde por apoiar os países que proíbem os cigarros eletrónicos; diz que a organização está a ignorar um tratado internacional que aprova estas alternativas menos prejudiciais ao tabaco


News provided by

Knowledge Action Change

Oct 01, 2018, 17:36 ET

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GENEBRA, 1 de outubro de 2018 /PRNewswire/ --  No momento em que os delegados se reúnem para a conferência bienal da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) sobre tabaco, os autores de um novo relatório, "No Fire, No Smoke: Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction" (Sem fogo, sem fumo: estado global da redução dos danos do tabaco) criticam ferozmente o registo da OMS. Os especialistas em saúde pública acusam a OMS de não cumprir as obrigações no âmbito de um tratado internacional para apoiar as alternativas menos prejudiciais ao tabaco. Lamentam que a OMS recomende, pelo contrário, proibições sobre os cigarros eletrónicos – uma medida que foi implementada por dezenas de países.

Os autores de "No Fire, No Smoke" dizem que as alternativas de mais baixo risco, como os cigarros eletrónicos, dispositivos para aquecer e não queimar e o "snus" sueco, têm sido extremamente bem‑sucedidas em reduzir o consumo de tabaco. Contudo, dizem que a OMS tem demonstrado uma hostilidade histórica para com elas.

"A OMS ignora o seu próprio tratado que obriga os signatários a adotar a abordagem de redução de danos, incentivando produtos de nicotina mais seguros. Trata‑se de uma oportunidade perdida trágica para impedir que mil milhões de vidas sejam ceifadas neste século devido ao tabagismo", afirmou o Professor Gerry Stimson da Knowledge Action Change (Londres), que encomendou o relatório.

O relatório indica os 39 países nos quais os cigarros eletrónicos ou os líquidos com nicotina são proibidos, incluindo a Austrália, a Tailândia e a Arábia Saudita. A União Europeia permite os cigarros eletrónicos, mas proíbe o "snus", o produto de tabaco pasteurizado oral que é excecionalmente popular na Escandinávia.

Após a introdução do "snus" na Noruega, a taxa de tabagismo entre as mulheres jovens diminuiu de 30% para apenas 1%. Nos Estados Unidos, o crescimento rápido do consumo de cigarros eletrónicos tem sido acompanhado por uma diminuição do consumo de tabaco entre crianças em idade escolar, tendo os números diminuído para metade ao longo dos últimos 6 anos. Entretanto, no Japão, o sucesso dos produtos de tabaco aquecido assistiu a uma diminuição das vendas de cigarros na ordem dos 25% nos últimos 2 anos.

"Ao examinar os dados, foi notável a forma como a disponibilidade destes substitutos esteve intimamente ligada à descida das taxas de consumo de tabaco. Independentemente da motivação que levou os países a bani‑los, eles precisam de compreender que tais políticas fazem deles os melhores amigos da indústria tabaqueira", disse Harry Shapiro, o principal autor do relatório.

Enquanto a União Europeia tornou o "snus" ilegal, em diversos países da região Ásia-Pacífico, são as proibições na utilização dos cigarros eletrónicos que causam a maior preocupação.  

"Muitos dos utilizadores de vaporizadores que represento vivem com medo de serem presos por tentarem salvar as suas vidas. Os seus países aceitam cigarros mortíferos, mas proíbem cigarros eletrónicos muito mais seguros, porque a OMS incentivou as proibições", afirmou Nancy Sutthoff do grupo de consumidores International Network of Nicotine Consumers Organisations.

Representantes dos 181 países estarão presentes na conferência da OMS para criação de políticas. Todos os 181 países ratificaram a Convenção Quadro da OMS para o Controlo do Tabaco, que os obriga a incorporar a redução de danos. Contudo, o evento da OMS está longe de ser inclusivo: nos anos anteriores, chegou a proibir a presença de consumidores, jornalistas e organismos, incluindo a Interpol.

O relatório "No Fire, No Smoke: Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction" e este comunicado à imprensa são publicados pela Knowledge Action Change, uma agência de saúde pública do setor privado.

FONTE Knowledge Action Change

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