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Resumen del Congreso de la Memoria Nacional en Varsovia
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News provided by

Institute of National Remembrance

Apr 20, 2023, 02:00 ET

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La Historia como maestra de la vida y de la muerte

VARSOVIA, Polonia, 20 de abril de 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- "La Historia es maestra de la vida y, para los polacos, también maestra de la muerte" - así parafraseó el antiguo proverbio el presidente del Instituto de la Memoria Nacional, Dr. Karol Nawrocki, en uno de los paneles del Congreso de la Memoria Nacional celebrado en Varsovia del 13 al 15 de abril de 2023. Atrajo a 13 mil participantes, entre ellos 7 mil jóvenes.

Como consecuencia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Polonia perdió aproximadamente 12 millones de ciudadanos. De esta cifra, casi 6 millones de polacos fueron asesinados, especialmente por los alemanes, pero también recordamos a las víctimas de los crímenes soviéticos, por ejemplo, los de Katyn. Coautor del "Libro negro del comunismo", el profesor Stéphan Courtois declaró en el Congreso que "los polacos vivieron una doble ocupación durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, pero el pacto soviético-alemán que condujo a ella es una verdadera laguna en la historia y en la memoria europea. Es la causa principal de los problemas europeos actuales, como revela especialmente la guerra de Ucrania."

Otros 6 millones de polacos se encontraron fuera del país como consecuencia de la deportación a Alemania y la Unión Soviética, la emigración forzosa o los cambios fronterizos.

El viceministro de Asuntos Exteriores, Arkadiusz Mularczyk, recordó que Polonia exige reparaciones a Alemania por el exterminio de ciudadanos polacos y otros crímenes y destrucciones. Recordó, por ejemplo, que "los alemanes robaron 200.000 niños polacos, lo que no interesó al Tribunal de Nuremberg después de la guerra".

Entre otros actos, el Congreso incluyó el Festival Internacional de Cine sobre el Totalitarismo "Ecos de Katyn". Los premios principales recayeron en el director letón Viesturs Kairiss, por su película "Enero", y en el polaco Miłosz Kozioł, por su película "Capitán Pilecki", sobre un polaco que se ofreció voluntario para ser encarcelado en el campo de concentración alemán de Auschwitz con el fin de enviar información sobre este trágico lugar.

El Instituto de la Memoria Nacional inauguró en el Congreso una nueva exposición multimedia "Senderos de esperanza. La odisea de la libertad". Muestra la lucha de los polacos en muchos frentes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y el destino de la población civil evacuada de la URSS con el ejército del General Anders y posteriormente dispersada por todo el mundo. Cuando Alemania invadió la Unión Soviética en 1941, Stalin aceptó organizar entre los exiliados polacos un ejército de casi 100.000 soldados que fueron evacuados a través de Irán. La exposición se exhibirá en unos 50 países.

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