Scientists Overcome COVID-19 Obstacles to Continue Discovery and Innovation

News provided by

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

May 23, 2022, 07:56 ET

CINCINNATI , May 23, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Despite shutting down much of their research activity during the early days of COVID-19, scientists at Cincinnati Children's published an impressive array of discoveries during fiscal year 2021 – even as the medical center shifted gears to respond to the pandemic and helped lead crucial clinical trials that led to life-saving vaccines for millions of adults and children.

In addition to responding to COVID-19, scientists at Cincinnati Children's published more than 2,000 peer-reviewed findings in FY21. The 2021 Research Annual Report highlights more than 50 of these discoveries.

The COVID vaccine research conducted at Cincinnati Children's has been covered by hundreds of news organizations worldwide and shared by tens of thousands of social media users with tens of millions of followers. Yet within the shadow cast by the pandemic, groundbreaking discoveries continued here in the fields of genetics, developmental biology, ophthalmology, cancer biology, immunobiology and more. These advances illuminated new pathways that eventually will lead to better treatments for mental illness, heart conditions, cancer, lupus, asthma, diabetes, and many other diseases.

The most significant of these innovations can be found in our 2021 Research Annual Report, published on behalf of the Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation. The report summarizes discoveries from more than 50 research areas, breaks down more than $271 million in federal, state and other sources of grant fundings, and recounts efforts from across the institution to respond to COVID-19.

"The collaborative spirit of Cincinnati Children's shined above the pandemic discord as our colleagues shared COVID-related learnings at every level," says Tina Cheng, MD, MPH, who oversees the extensive research enterprise at Cincinnati Children's. "Experts here analyzed the mechanisms of the virus' effect on organ systems, delved into the complexities of protecting children with rare and chronic diseases, advised local schools and state health officials during fast-changing times, and focused on ways to manage immense mental health concerns stemming from the crisis."

Along the way, scientists here published more than 2,000 peer-reviewed research papers across the spectrum of conditions that never stopped affecting child health, pandemic or not.

"We are grateful to our staff, families, donors and partners for making these achievements possible," says Steve Davis, MD, MMM, MSL, president and CEO at Cincinnati Children's. "As one of the world's leading pediatric academic medical and research centers, we are uniquely positioned to set a bold course for the future of children. We look forward to sharing that journey, together."

Senior leaders at Cincinnati Children's noted these discoveries as especially outstanding in FY21:

This report on the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine helped launch the wave of emergency approvals that made COVID-19 vaccines available to younger groups of children. "Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Adolescents." Published online May 27, 2021, in the New England Journal of Medicine.
This hunt for deeper understanding of the causes of lupus, a chronically painful disease that can cause severe organ damage, led to a "massively parallel" gene screening tool that can accelerate research for nearly any disease. "Global discovery of lupus genetic risk variant allelic enhancer activity." Published March 12, 2021, in Nature Communications.
A study exploring spine development in zebrafish reveals the crucial role that well-synced internal clocks play in early development, with long-range implications for understanding and preventing human birth malformations. "Pairing of segmentation clock genes drives robust pattern formation." Published Dec. 23, 2020, in Nature.
An unprecedented "map" that details the mechanisms at work in bone marrow formation may someday help clinicians replace cancerous bone marrow cells with healthy, patient-specific marrow cells grown in the laboratory. "In situ mapping identifies distinct vascular niches for myelopoiesis." Published Feb. 10, 2021, in Nature.
This discovery—that specific wavelengths of natural sunlight actually pierce the skull to reach light-sensing cells deep inside the brain—has numerous implications for how to manage metabolism-related disorder like Type 2 diabetes and other conditions. "Violet-light suppression of thermogenesis by opsin 5 hypothalamic neurons." Published Sept. 2, 2020, in Nature.
Discovering two gene variants among children who develop severe allergies after developing atopic dermatitis (eczema) adds evidence to a rising theory that skin health is more closely connected to lung and gut health than many have suspected. "Disease-associated KIF3A variants alter gene methylation and expression impacting skin barrier and atopic dermatitis." Published Aug. 14, 2020, in Nature Communications.
Meanwhile, another study conducted here further illustrates how much human health can depend upon the "good" bacteria living inside us. Damaged intestines need help from bacteria to heal. "Microbiota-derived metabolite promotes HDAC3 activity in the gut." Published July 30, 2020, in Nature.