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Un nuevo estudio de científicos de La Brea Tar Pits relaciona la extinción de los mamíferos de la Edad de Hielo con el cambio climático, los humanos y el fuego
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News provided by

Natural History Museums of Los Angeles County

Aug 17, 2023, 14:15 ET

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LOS ÁNGELES, 17 de agosto de 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Los incendios forestales a gran escala en un ecosistema que se hizo propenso a los incendios a causa del cambio climático causaron la desaparición de los gatos dientes de sable, los lobos huargos y otros mamíferos grandes en el sur de California hace casi 13.000 años, según un nuevo estudio de investigadores de La Brea Tar Pits.

Publicado en la revista Science, el estudio revisado por pares abre nuevos caminos en un debate científico de décadas de duración sobre lo que desencadenó la última gran extinción en la Tierra. Con el respaldo de la datación precisa de los fósiles preservados en La Brea Tar Pits, la investigación promueve nuestra comprensión de la dinámica entre el cambio ambiental drástico, el crecimiento de la población humana, la actividad de incendios forestales y la abrupta desaparición de la megafauna de la Edad de Hielo. 

"La importancia de esta investigación resonará durante décadas más allá del campo científico", afirmó la Dra. Lori Bettison-Varga, presidenta y directora de Los Museos de Historia Natural del condado de Los Ángeles. "La Brea Tar Pits es el único lugar en la Tierra que tiene el registro fósil necesario para examinar el último evento significativo de cambio climático de esta manera. La colección de millones de fósiles de la Edad de Hielo del sitio ofrece una oportunidad única para estudiar el cambio ambiental. 

El estudio expuso una desastrosa cadena de acontecimientos ecológicos reconstruidos a partir de los registros del clima, la vegetación y los incendios preservados en los sedimentos del cercano lago Elsinore. Comenzó con un proceso gradual de calentamiento y deshidratación del paisaje y una disminución simultánea de los grandes herbívoros adaptados a los bosques a lo largo de 2.000 años, a medida que la Tierra surgió de la última Edad de Hielo y los glaciares retrocedieron. Luego, cuando las poblaciones humanas comenzaron a aumentar bruscamente en Norteamérica, el ecosistema experimentó un cambio drástico: las temperaturas aumentaron rápidamente, una sequía de 200 años invadió el paisaje y los incendios forestales masivos transformaron las comunidades vegetales. En 300 años, todos los gigantes de la Edad de Hielo en La Brea se habían ido y se había establecido el ecosistema chaparral moderno de California, adaptado a los incendios. 

Según el estudio, comprender la relación entre el cambio ambiental y la actividad humana es igualmente importante para los desafíos actuales. Señaló que las temperaturas en el sur de California han aumentado más rápidamente en el último siglo que durante el final del Pleistoceno. El área terrestre quemada por incendios forestales en el oeste de los Estados Unidos se ha cuadruplicado en los últimos 20 años, y se prevé que este patrón solo empeore en los próximos años.

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Contacto para los medios:
Maura Klosterman-Vu
310-552-4117
[email protected]

FUENTE Natural History Museums of Los Angeles County

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