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Una mirada al cáncer infantil y los hispanos

Por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer

Lifelines - from the National Cancer Institute. (PRNewsFoto/National Cancer Institute) (PRNewsFoto/)

News provided by

National Cancer Institute

Jan 04, 2013, 05:08 ET

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BETHESDA, Maryland, 4 de enero de 2013 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- El cáncer infantil es poco común—los niños con cáncer representan menos de 1% de todos los casos nuevos de cáncer en Estados Unidos. Pero, ¿sabía usted que el cáncer es la segunda causa principal de muerte (después de accidentes) en los niños de 1 a 14 años de edad? Se calculó que en 2012, en Estados Unidos, más de 12 000 niños (de recién nacidos a 14 años de edad) serían diagnosticados con cáncer y más de 1300 niños morirían por esta enfermedad.

(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20110316/MM66939LOGO )

No obstante, hay también buenas noticias.  En los últimos 20 años, las muertes por cáncer infantil han disminuido en general, y muchos más niños sobreviven a un diagnóstico de cáncer. Por ejemplo, solo 58% de los niños de 0 a 14 años de edad diagnosticados de 1975 a 1977 vivieron al menos 5 años después del diagnóstico, mientras que se calcula que más de 80% de los niños diagnosticados hoy lograrán vivir hasta la marca de 5 años. Esta mejora se debe a avances extraordinarios en el tratamiento y a la alta participación de niños con cáncer en estudios clínicos.

Los niños hispanos tienen un riesgo levemente menor de padecer cáncer que los niños blancos no hispanos, según los datos recopilados por el Programa de Vigilancia, Epidemiología y Resultados Finales del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI).  Sin embargo, los niños hispanos con cáncer tienen ligeramente menos probabilidad de sobrevivir 5 años después de su diagnóstico que los niños blancos no hispanos.

Los tipos más comunes de cáncer infantil son las leucemias (cáncer de los glóbulos de la sangre) y cánceres de cerebro y del sistema nervioso central. Las causas de los cánceres infantiles son en gran parte desconocidas, y los investigadores están tratando de saber más sobre los posibles factores de riesgo.  Usted puede saber más sobre los cánceres infantiles en el sitio web del NCI. Simplemente vaya a: http://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil

A pesar de los avances en los resultados en general, algunos tipos de cáncer infantil continúan siendo muy difíciles de tratar y tienen índices bajos de curación. El NCI sigue buscando tratamientos más eficaces para todos los cánceres infantiles por medio de la investigación y de los estudios clínicos. Si usted tiene un niño con cáncer, ¿ha pensado en inscribir a su niño en un estudio clínico? Es importante que tome el tiempo necesario para informarse sobre los estudios clínicos de cáncer y sobre los beneficios que le pueden brindar, aunque en última instancia decida que un estudio clínico no es adecuado para su niño.  Usted puede aprender más sobre estudios clínicos en el sitio web del NCI. Simplemente vaya a http://cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/learningabout.

Recuerde, cuando se trata de la salud de su niño, es muy importante conocer los hechos y las opciones de tratamiento. En la lucha contra el cáncer, los estudios clínicos pueden ofrecer ilusiones y esperanza, pero la única manera de saber si un estudio clínico es adecuado para su niño es mediante la educación propia y enterarse de los hechos.  

Para obtener más información sobre el cáncer, visite el sitio web del NCI en: www.cancer.gov/espanol (o m.cancer.gov desde su dispositivo móvil) o llame al Servicio de Información sobre el Cáncer del NCI al 1-800-422-6237 (1-800-4-CANCER ). Más artículos y videos de Líneas vitales, una serie culturalmente relevante, se encuentran en: www.cancer.gov/lifelines  

FUENTE  National Cancer Institute

FUENTE National Cancer Institute

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