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Una nueva clase de fármacos previene un mecanismo clave del envejecimiento en los trasplantes de órganos
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News provided by

The European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT)

Sep 17, 2023, 18:01 ET

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ATENAS, Grecia, 17 de septiembre de 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Un nuevo estudio demostró que los senolíticos, una nueva clase de fármacos, tienen el potencial de prevenir la transferencia de senescencia, un mecanismo clave del envejecimiento, en receptores de órganos de donantes de mayor edad. 

Esta investigación pionera, presentada hoy en el Congreso de la Sociedad Europea para el Trasplante de Órganos (ESOT) 2023, abre vías prometedoras para ampliar el grupo de posibles donantes de órganos y mejorar los resultados en los pacientes.

A través del trasplante de órganos de donantes mayores a receptores más jóvenes, los investigadores de Harvard Medical School y Mayo Clinic estudiaron el rol que desempeña el trasplante en la inducción de la senescencia, un mecanismo biológico vinculado al envejecimiento y las enfermedades relacionadas con la edad. Los investigadores llevaron a cabo trasplantes de corazón entre ratones de edades dispares, tanto de animales jóvenes (3 meses) como de 18-21 meses a receptores más jóvenes. Los receptores de corazones viejos mostraron una mayor frecuencia de células senescentes en los ganglios linfáticos de drenaje, los hígados y los músculos, además de un aumento de los niveles sistémicos de ADNmt, en comparación con los receptores que recibieron injertos jóvenes. Sorprendentemente, el trasplante de órganos viejos provocó un deterioro físico y cognitivo avanzado en los receptores. 

La investigación también descubrió una posible solución a este proceso mediante el uso de senolíticos, una nueva clase de fármacos diseñados para atacar y eliminar las células senescentes. Cuando los donantes viejos fueron tratados con senolíticos (dasatinib y quercetina) antes de la obtención de órganos, la transferencia de senescencia se redujo significativamente a través de una menor acumulación de células senescentes y ADNmt. Los receptores que recibieron órganos viejos tratados con senolíticos mostraron una mejor condición física, comparable con la observada en los receptores de órganos jóvenes.

Al presentar el estudio como parte del grupo de Brigham y el Women's Hospital de Harvard Medical School, Maximillian J. Roesel comentó: "La edad de los donantes desempeña un rol crucial en el éxito de los trasplantes, ya que los receptores de órganos más viejos se enfrentan a peores resultados. No obstante, el uso de órganos de donantes de mayor edad es esencial para hacer frente a la escasez mundial de órganos, y esta investigación arroja luz sobre retos fundamentales y posibles soluciones para utilizar órganos más viejos".

En el futuro, seguiremos investigando el potencial rol de los senolíticos en la prevención de la transferencia de senescencia en humanos. Esta investigación es muy alentadora, ya que puede ayudarnos a mejorar los resultados, así como a lograr una mayor disponibilidad de órganos para los trasplantes", concluyó Stefan G. Tullius, autor principal del estudio.

Nota para los editores: 

En todos los reportajes se debe hacer referencia al Congreso ESOT 2023. 

FUENTE The European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT)

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