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Una nueva estructura receptora glucagón ofrece nuevas oportunidades de descubrimiento de fármacos para diabetes tipo 2
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News provided by

Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Jan 04, 2018, 05:13 ET

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- Una estructura compleja de receptores acoplados a la proteína G de clase b (GPCR), unida a su ligando endógeno, despierta interés en la comunidad de investigación de receptores acoplados a la proteína G (GPCR)

SHANGHAI, 4 de enero de 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Los receptores acoplados a la proteína G son importantes en la acción de la homeostasis hormonal y son objetivos importantes terapéuticos para varias enfermedades incluyendo enfermedades metabólicas tales como diabetes tipo 2. Dichos receptores consisten en un dominio extracelular y un dominio transmembrana, ambos necesarios para interactuar con sus ligandos peptídicos afines y regular la transducción de señal posterior.

The crystal structures of the full-length human glucagon receptor (GCGR): orange (extracellular domain), blue (transmembrane domain), green (stalk), magenta (the first extracellular loop), red (NNC1702), yellow (NNC0640) and cyan (mAb1). (Image by Dr. WU Beili)
The crystal structures of the full-length human glucagon receptor (GCGR): orange (extracellular domain), blue (transmembrane domain), green (stalk), magenta (the first extracellular loop), red (NNC1702), yellow (NNC0640) and cyan (mAb1). (Image by Dr. WU Beili)

La activación del receptor humano de glucagón (GCGR) por parte de su ligando glucagón endógeno activa la liberación de glucosa del hígado durante el ayuno, por lo que se considera un fármaco potencial para la diabetes tipo 2.

Recientemente, científicos del Instituto de Shanghái de Materia Médica (SIMM) de la Academia China de las Ciencias, en colaboración con varios grupos ubicados en China, Dinamarca, Canadá y Estados Unidos, definió la estructura cristalina de GCPR junto con su glucagón análogo NNC1702. Esta estructura revela, por primera vez, los detalles moleculares de un acoplamiento GPCR clase B a su ligando peptídico con alta definición y expone de forma inesperada la complejidad estructural que regula la activación de los receptores, por ende, ampliando considerablemente la transducción de señal de GPCR clase B. El estudio se publicó en Nature. (El artículo completo:https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25153) 

El hallazgo más excitante de dicho estudio es que la región de acoplamiento conectada con el dominio extracelular y el dominio transmenbrana del receptor, llamado "tallo", y el primer circuito extracelular experimentan cambios conformacional significativos, teniendo como resultado un cambio marcado en la orientación relativa entre el dominio extracelular y el dominio transmembrana de receptor para acomodar el acoplamiento del péptido e iniciar la activación del receptor. Asimismo, el tallo puede modular la actividad del receptor favoreciendo movimientos conformacionales del dominio transmembrana del receptor.

Los investigadores llevaron a cabo varios estudios funcionales utilizando técnicas tales como acoplamiento competitivo al ligando, señalización a la célula, simulación de dinámica molecular y espectroscopia por resonancia doble electrón-electrón. El resultado demuestra la estructura de GCGR y confirma las alteraciones conformacionales del receptor en varios estados funcionales.

"Esta estructura GCGR recién descubierta no solo nos ayuda a comprender los mecanismos de reconocimiento de señal de GPCR clase B, sino que ofrece nuevas oportunidades para el descubrimiento de fármacos para el tratamiento de diabetes tipo 2", comentó el líder del equipo y profesor de SIMM, el Doctor WU Beili.

Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/624190/human_glucagon_receptor.jpg

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