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Una revisión pionera en su clase concluye que el hábito de fumar provoca graves defectos de nacimiento
  • USA - English

March of Dimes urge a las mujeres a dejar de fumar para salvar a sus bebés


News provided by

March of Dimes

Jul 11, 2011, 09:15 ET

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WHITE PLAINS, Nueva York, 11 de julio de 2011 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Para despejar cualquier duda acerca del grave daño que provoca en los bebés y las mujeres embarazadas el hábito de fumar, una revisión integral y sistemática, pionera en su clase, de todos los estudios realizados a lo largo de los pasados 50 años estableció claramente que el hábito de fumar en las madres provoca una serie de graves defectos de nacimiento, incluyendo defectos cardíacos, miembros faltantes/deformes, pié zambo, desórdenes gastrointestinales y desórdenes faciales (por ejemplo, en los ojos y labio/paladar hendido).

Fumar durante el embarazo es también un factor de riesgo para el nacimiento prematuro, afirma el Dr. Michael Katz, Vicepresidente Senior de Investigación y Programas Globales de la Fundación March of Dimes.  El Dr. Katz manifiesta que la Fundación March of Dimes urge a todas las mujeres que planean quedar embarazadas, o que ya están embarazadas, a dejar de fumar inmediatamente para reducir su probabilidad de tener un bebé prematuro o con un grave defecto de nacimiento. Los bebés que sobreviven al nacimiento prematuro y al bajo peso al nacer corren riesgo de padecer otros problemas graves de salud, hace notar el Dr. Katz, incluyendo incapacidades de por vida, tales como parálisis cerebral, insuficiencia intelectual y problemas de aprendizaje. Fumar también puede hacer que resulte más difícil quedar embarazada y aumenta el riesgo de alumbrar un bebé muerto.

En 2009, alrededor del 20% de las mujeres de Estados Unidos declararon fumar. En todo el mundo, cada día cerca de 250 millones de mujeres fuman tabaco y esta cifra está creciendo rápidamente, de acuerdo a los datos presentados en la 14a. Conferencia Mundial sobre Tabaco o Salud que se celebró en Mumbai en 2009.

El nuevo estudio, denominado "Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173,687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls" (El hábito de fumar durante el embarazo y los defectos de nacimiento: una revisión sistemática basada en 173,687 casos de malformaciones y 11.7 millones de controles), realizado por un equipo liderado por Allan Hackshaw, del Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, del University College de Londres, será publicado online en el día de hoy en la publicación Human Reproduction Update de la Sociedad Europea de Reproducción Humana y Embriología.

Cuando las mujeres fuman durante el embarazo, el feto es expuesto a sustancias químicas peligrosas tales como la nicotina, el monóxido de carbono y el alquitrán, advierte del Dr. Katz. Estas sustancias químicas pueden privar al feto del oxígeno que necesita para crecer y desarrollarse saludablemente.

Durante el embarazo, fumar puede provocar problemas para la propia salud de la mujer, incluyendo:

  • embarazo ectópico;
  • sangrado vaginal;
  • desprendimiento de placenta, en el cual la placenta se despega de la pared uterina en forma parcial o casi total, antes del parto;
  • placenta previa, una placenta baja que cubre parte o la totalidad de la abertura del útero.

Asimismo, se sabe que fumar provoca cáncer, enfermedades cardíacas, apoplejía, enfermedad de las encías y enfermedades oculares que pueden provocar ceguera.

La Fundación March of Dimes es la organización sin fines de lucro líder para el embarazo y la salud del bebé. Con subsidiarias en todo el país y su evento distintivo, March for Babies®, la Fundación March of Dimes trabaja para mejorar la salud de los bebés a través de la prevención de los defectos de nacimiento, los nacimientos prematuros y la mortalidad infantil. Para obtener los últimos recursos y más información, visite marchofdimes.com o nacersano.org.  Encuéntrenos en Facebook y síganos en Twitter.

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