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Une première structure cristalline RCPG de classe B complète révèle des mécanismes novateurs d'activation des récepteurs
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Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences

May 17, 2017, 19:56 ET

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- La structure du récepteur humain du glucagon déclenche un nouvel enthousiasme dans la recherche sur le RCPG

SHANGHAI, le 18 mai 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Une équipe de scientifiques du Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences a déterminé la structure atomique haute résolution d'un récepteur couplé aux protéines G (RCPG) complet qui joue un rôle essentiel dans l'homéostasie du glucose. Dans un article publié en ligne dans Nature le 17 mai 2017 intitulé « Structure of the full-length glucagon class B G-protein-coupled receptor » (Structure d'un récepteur couplé aux protéines G de classe B du glucagon complet), des scientifiques du SIMM, en collaboration avec plusieurs groupes situés en Chine, aux États-Unis, aux Pays-Bas et au Danemark, ont fourni une cartographie moléculaire détaillée du récepteur humain du glucagon (RCPG) en complexe avec un effecteur allostérique négatif et le fragment de liaison à l'antigène d'un anticorps inhibiteur. Cette étude est publiée dans Nature conjointement à un document complémentaire dirigé par les confrères de l'iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University qui décrivent le récepteur du glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1R).

Structures of full-length GCGR in complex with an antibody mAb1 and a negative allosteric modulator NNC0640 (right) and calcitonin receptor bound to G protein (left) highlight the recent breakthroughs in class B GPCR research. (Image courtesy of Yekaterina Kadyshevskaya of the Bridge Institute at the University of Southern California)
Structures of full-length GCGR in complex with an antibody mAb1 and a negative allosteric modulator NNC0640 (right) and calcitonin receptor bound to G protein (left) highlight the recent breakthroughs in class B GPCR research. (Image courtesy of Yekaterina Kadyshevskaya of the Bridge Institute at the University of Southern California)

Les RCPG de classe B jouent un rôle essentiel dans de nombreux processus physiologiques et agissent en tant que cibles pharmacologiques pour de nombreuses maladies humaines telles que le diabète de type 2, le syndrome métabolique, l'ostéoporose, la migraine, la dépression et l'anxiété. D'après le directeur de l'équipe et professeur du SIMM, le Dr Beili Wu, « cette structure RCPG fournit une image claire du RCPG de classe B complet en haute résolution et nous aide à comprendre la façon dont différents domaines coopèrent dans la modulation de la fonction du récepteur au niveau moléculaire ».

Le résultat le plus palpitant de cette étude est que la région du lieur qui relie le domaine extracellulaire (ECD) et le domaine transmembranaire (TMD) du récepteur travaille de concert avec une boucle extracellulaire du TMD afin de réguler la formation de liens peptidiques par le biais de modifications conformationnelles, agissant comme un modulateur dans l'activation du récepteur.

Les chercheurs ont effectué une série d'études fonctionnelles pour étayer la structure du RCPG et confirmer les interactions entre différents domaines dans la modulation de sa fonction. « Cette étude a été menée dans un effort collectif par des experts venant de différents domaines et pays. La collaboration internationale est d'une importance capitale pour résoudre les problèmes scientifiques majeurs de nos jours », a déclaré le Dr Hualiang Jiang, directeur du SIMM.

« La structure complète du RCPG élargit non seulement nos connaissances sur les mécanismes de signalisation du RCPG, mais offre également de nouvelles possibilités de découvrir des médicaments ciblant les RCPG de classe B », a déclaré le Dr Ming-Wei Wang, directeur du National Center for Drug Screening.

L'étude a été financée par les Programmes nationaux de recherche fondamentale, la Commission nationale de planification médicale et familiale, la Fondation nationale des sciences naturelles et le GPCR Consortium.

Photo - http://mma.prnewswire.com/media/512896/Shanghai_Institute_of_Materia_Medica_Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences.jpg

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