Updated ASTRO guideline for palliative lung radiation now recommends concurrent chemotherapy for some stage III patients

ARLINGTON, Va., April 4, 2018 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) today issued an update to its clinical guideline for the use of palliative-intent radiation therapy for patients with incurable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Reflecting new evidence from randomized clinical trials, the guideline now recommends the addition of concurrent chemotherapy to radiation therapy for certain patients with incurable stage III NSCLC, including those who are able to tolerate chemotherapy and have a life expectancy longer than three months.

Nearly 90 percent of lung cancer diagnoses are NSCLC cases, and more than half of NSCLC patients are diagnosed with locally advanced (stage III) or metastatic (stage IV) disease. Most patients who are diagnosed with incurable NSCLC receive palliative-intent therapy, where the primary goal is to improve quality of life by relieving pain and other symptoms. Palliative radiation therapy can alleviate symptoms of lung cancer including chest pain, cough, labored or obstructed breathing and coughing up blood. It also improves overall quality of life for many patients.

"The primary question we faced with this revision was whether providers can enhance the impact of moderate, palliative doses of radiation by introducing additional therapy," said Benjamin Moeller, MD, PhD, chair of the guideline task force and a radiation oncologist at the Levine Cancer Institute in Charlotte, North Carolina.

"Patients in this setting typically receive two to three weeks of daily radiation, during which they might expect to have one to two weeks of clinically significant, treatment-related side effects—most commonly inflammation of the esophagus. Following treatment, however, these patients experience a more robust and durable stabilization of their quality of life, including less pain and fewer symptoms."

The recommendations update the existing 2011 ASTRO guideline, which stated that there was no added benefit of concurrent chemoradiation in the palliation of lung cancer symptoms. Full recommendations and supporting evidence are provided in the full-text guideline; key recommendations are as follows:

Eligibility for concurrent chemoradiation

Patients who are likely to benefit more from concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy than from either modality alone include those with (1) stage III NSCLC disease, who are (2) not eligible for curative-intent therapy but are (3) candidates for chemotherapy, (4) have an ECOG Performance Status between zero and two and (5) have a life expectancy of at least three months.

For all other patients with incurable NSCLC, including those with stage IV disease, the evidence remains insufficient to support concurrent thoracic chemoradiation. Combined treatment is not recommended outside of clinical trials and multi-institutional registries.

Delivery and dosing

For chemotherapy, platinum-containing doublets are recommended.

For radiation therapy, a moderately hypofractionated approach with external beam radiation therapy is recommended, where "moderate" is defined as daily radiation doses of 280 to 300 Centigray (cGy) per fraction to a total dose of 3000 or 4200 cGy. Higher radiation doses may not be tolerable for palliative-intent patients, and lower doses may not confer a quality-of-life benefit. Best practice also includes minimizing unnecessary radiation dose to the esophagus.

The original recommendations for radiation dosing and the role of brachytherapy in this setting were not addressed or revised in the current update, because new evidence has not directly addressed these issues. Additionally, as with the original guideline, the update does not address the question of curative versus palliative treatment for NSCLC; rather, its scope includes optimal treatment with thoracic radiation and chemotherapy in patients for whom the decision has been made to treat palliatively.

The guideline update was based on a systematic literature review of studies published from March 2010 through July 2016. A total of 113 abstracts were retrieved from PubMed, and the 31 randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses and prospective studies that met inclusion criteria were evaluated. The eight-member task force included radiation oncologists who specialize in lung cancer, a medical oncologist and a community practice representative. The guideline was approved by ASTRO's Board of Directors following a period of public comment. It has been endorsed by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) and the European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO).

ASTRO's clinical guidelines are intended as a tool to promote appropriately individualized, shared decision-making between physicians and patients. Optimal palliation for patients with incurable NSCLC requires coordinated interdisciplinary care, and no recommendations should be construed as strict or superseding the appropriately informed and considered judgments of individual physicians and patients.                       

"Palliative Thoracic Radiation Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Update of an ASTRO Evidence-Based Guideline" is available as a free-access article in Practical Radiation Oncology, ASTRO's clinical practice journal. For a copy of the guideline or to interview Dr. Moeller or outside experts in lung cancer, contact ASTRO's media relations team at [email protected] or 703-286-1600.

Resources for your audience on lung cancer and radiation therapy:

• Video: "What to expect before, during and after radiation therapy for lung cancer" (also in Spanish)
• Brochure for patients and caregivers (also in Spanish) and a chart of short- and long-term side effects
• Online communities and forums for lung cancer patients and caregivers

ABOUT ASTRO

The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) is the world's largest radiation oncology society, with more than 10,000 members who are physicians, nurses, biologists, physicists, radiation therapists, dosimetrists and other health care professionals who specialize in treating patients with radiation therapies. The Society is dedicated to improving patient care through professional education and training, support for clinical practice and health policy standards, advancement of science and research, and advocacy. ASTRO publishes three peer-reviewed journals, the International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics (redjournal.org), Practical Radiation Oncology (practicalradonc.org) and Advances in Radiation Oncology (advancesradonc.org); developed and maintains an extensive patient website, RT Answers (RTanswers.org); and created the Radiation Oncology Institute (roinstitute.org), a nonprofit foundation to support research and education efforts around the world that enhance and confirm the critical role of radiation therapy in improving cancer treatment. To learn more about ASTRO, visit www.astro.org, sign up to receive our news and follow us on our blog, Facebook and Twitter.

Contact: Liz Gardner
703-286-1600
[email protected]

Jeff White
703-839-7392
[email protected]

SOURCE American Society for Radiation Oncology

Related Links

http://www.astro.org