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Verändertes Mikrobiom nach Kaiserschnitt beeinflusst das Immunsystem des Babys, laut einer vom Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) durchgeführten Studie
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Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) of the University of Luxembourg

Nov 30, 2018, 05:00 ET

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LUXEMBURG, November 30, 2018 /PRNewswire/ --

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Caesarean birth prevents important bacterial functions from being passed on. This change impacts immune stimulations during the first days of life and may explain why caesarean-born children suffer more frequently from chronic immune disorders. 
Credits: Linda Wampach. (PRNewsfoto/LCSB)
Caesarean birth prevents important bacterial functions from being passed on. This change impacts immune stimulations during the first days of life and may explain why caesarean-born children suffer more frequently from chronic immune disorders. Credits: Linda Wampach. (PRNewsfoto/LCSB)

Wissenschaftler des Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) der Universität Luxemburg haben zusammen mit Kollegen aus Schweden und Luxemburg beobachtet, dass bei einer natürlichen, vaginalen Geburt bestimmte Darmbakterien von der Mutter auf das Baby übertragen werden, die die körpereigene Immunabwehr stimulieren. Bei Kindern, die per Kaiserschnitt geboren werden, ist diese Interaktion verändert. "Möglicherweise erklärt das, warum per Kaiserschnitt entbundene Kinder epidemiologisch gesehen häufiger an chronischen, mit dem Immunsystem verbundenen Krankheiten leiden, als vaginal entbundene Babys", so Studienleiter Prof. Dr. Paul Wilmes. Das Team hat seine Ergebnisse jetzt in dem wissenschaftlichen Journal Nature Communications (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07631-x) veröffentlicht. 

     (Photo: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/791234/LCSB_Infographic.jpg )

Menschen kommen keimfrei auf die Welt. Doch schon während der Geburt siedeln sich lebenswichtige Bakterien auf dem Körper an, zum Beispiel im Darm, auf der Haut und in der Lunge. Bereits länger vermuten Forscher, dass diese frühe Kolonisation Weichen für die spätere Gesundheit stellt. Ein Kaiserschnitt verhindert möglicherweise, dass spezifische Bakterien, die Einfluss auf das kindliche Immunsystem haben, von der Mutter auf das Neugeborene übertragen werden. Einen ersten Beweis dafür konnten Paul Wilmes, Leiter der Arbeitsgruppe "Eco-Systems Biology" am LCSB, und seine Kollegen nun erstmals in einer Studie mit Neugeborenen erbringen - die Hälfte war per Kaiserschnitt entbunden worden. Wilmes: "Wir finden bei vaginal geborenen Babys spezifische bakterielle Stoffe, die das Immunsystem stimulieren. Bei Kaiserschnitt-Kindern fällt die Stimulierung schwächer aus, weil die Einflüsse der Bakterien entweder geringer sind oder andere bakterielle Substanzen die ersten Immunreaktionen nach der Geburt verhindern."

Der Zusammenhang zwischen bakterieller Besiedlung und Immunsystem könnte - zusammen mit anderen Faktoren - erklären, warum Kaiserschnitt-Babys statistisch gesehen häufiger Allergien, chronische Entzündungskrankheiten und Stoffwechselkrankheiten entwickeln. "Möglicherweise wird das Immunsystem dieser Kinder in eine andere Richtung geprägt ", so Paul Wilmes. "Diesen Mechanismus wollen wir nun in weiteren Studien genauer belegen und nach Wegen suchen, wie sich die fehlenden mütterlichen Bakterien bei Kaiserschnitt-Babys ersetzen lassen."

Klar sei aber schon jetzt, dass der Mensch nicht zu stark in das Geburtsgeschehen eingreifen sollte. Babys sollten nur dann per Kaiserschnitt entbunden werden, wenn dies medizinisch notwendig ist, meint Paul Wilmes: "Uns sollte klar sein, dass wir damit massiv in das Miteinander von Mensch und Bakterien eingreifen."

Finanzierung: Die Studie wurde von der Fondation André et Henriette Losch ebenso gefördert wie durch die ATTRACT-, CORE- and AFR Programme des Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR). Zusätzliche Förderung gab die Universität Luxemburg. Probennahme, Probenaufbereitung und -aufbewahrung wurden mitfinanziert von der Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg im Rahmen des Personalised Medicine Consortium Diabetes Programm.

Bibliografische Daten: Linda Wampach, Anna Heintz-Buschart, Joëlle V. Fritz, Javier Ramiro-Garcia, Janine Habier, Malte Herold, Shaman Narayanasamy, Anne Kaysen, Angela H. Hogan, Lutz Bindl, Jean Bottu, Rashi Halder, Conny Sjöqvist, Patrick May, Anders F. Andersson, Carine de Beaufort and Paul Wilmes, Birth mode is associated with earliest strain-conferred gut microbiome functions and immunostimulatory potential, Nature Communications, 30 November 2018. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07631-x

Pressestelle der Universität Luxemburg: 
Thomas Klein
[email protected]
+352-46-66-44-5148

Forscher:
Prof. Paul Wilmes
[email protected]
+352-46-66-44-6188

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