With Depression and Suicide Rates on the Rise, National Survey Reveals Complex Relationship Between Social Media Use and Mental Well-Being

SAN FRANCISCO and OAKLAND, Calif., July 31, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- A national survey of 14- to 22-year-olds provides new evidence on the growing mental health crisis affecting young people. The survey, sponsored by Hopelab and Well Being Trust (WBT), finds that large numbers of teens and young adults experiencing moderate to severe symptoms of depression are turning to the internet for help, including researching mental health issues online (90 percent), accessing other people's health stories through blogs, podcasts, and videos (75 percent), using mobile apps related to well-being (38 percent), and connecting with health providers through digital tools such as texting and video chat (32 percent). 

"This survey suggests that the relationship between internet use and depression is far more complex than is often acknowledged," said Margaret Laws, CEO of Hopelab. "The pressures of social media clearly present real challenges for many young people, but social media and other online resources offer real opportunities to engage and provide support for those who are struggling."

The survey, conducted in February and March of 2018 among a nationally representative probability sample of more than 1300 US. teens and young adults, employed a widely used scale for assessing depressive symptoms, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8). 

According to the survey, many young people say social media helps them find connection, support, and inspiration during times of depression, stress, or anxiety. Among those with moderate to severe symptoms of depression, 30 percent say social media is "very" important to them for feeling less alone, compared to 7 percent of those without depression; and 27 percent say it is "very" important for getting inspiration from others, compared to 13 percent for those without depression. On balance, these young people are slightly more likely to say that when they are feeling depressed, stressed, or anxious, using social media makes them feel better (30 percent) than they are to say it makes them feel worse (22 percent).  About half (47 percent) say that it doesn't affect them one way or the other. 

While the survey highlights the potential of online tools for positively engaging young people, it also raises some important concerns regarding respondents' mixed experiences with social media. For example, young people with moderate to severe depressive symptoms are more likely than other youth to say that when they use social media, they often feel left out (18 percent compared with 1 percent of those without depression) or that others are doing better than they are (32 percent compared with 7 percent).

"We know definitively that teens and young adults readily seek support online to deal with mental health. We must meet them where they are and figure out how to provide appropriate care, in whatever shape or form that may look like for them. Our communities, clinicians, and policy makers must identify and support resources—both digital and in-person—that can be most effective in promoting good mental health and well-being," said, Benjamin F. Miller, Psy.D., Chief Strategy Officer, Well Being Trust.

Other key findings include:

• One third (33 percent) of all 14- to 22-year-olds have successfully connected with health peers online, and 91 percent of them say the experience was helpful.
• Respondents who reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression were nearly twice as likely as those with no symptoms to say that social media helps connect them to useful support and advice when they feel depressed, stressed or anxious (25 percent vs. 13 percent).
• Teens and young adults are more likely to report receiving positive than negative feedback from others on social media: 32 percent say they "often" get positive comments from others compared to just 3 percent who say they "often" get negative comments. 
• 65 percent of all teens and young adults say they "hardly ever" or "never" feel left out when using social media, compared to about a third (34 percent) who say they often (7 percent) or sometimes (27 percent) do.
• Teenage girls and young women are more likely than males their age to go online for information about anxiety (55 percent vs. 29 percent of males) or depression (49 percent vs. 27 percent of males).
• Three out of four LGBTQ youth (76 percent) have looked online for information about depression, compared to 32 percent of straight youth; 75 percent of LGBTQ youth have looked for information about anxiety, compared to 36 percent of their straight peers; and 68 percent of LGBTQ youth have looked for information on stress, compared to 40 percent of straight youth.

Methodology.  The findings presented here are from a nationally-representative survey of 1,337 teens and young adults ages 14 to 22 years old. The survey was designed and analyzed by Victoria Rideout (independent researcher on children and media, and former director of the Kaiser Family Foundation's Program for the Study of Media and Health) and Susannah Fox (former Chief Technology Officer of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and former director of the Pew Research Center's health and technology portfolio). The survey was fielded by NORC at the University of Chicago, using their probability-based AmeriSpeak® panel.  It was conducted in February-March 2018.  In addition to measures of online and social media behaviors, the survey also included a widely used, previously validated scale to assess respondents' levels of depressive symptoms, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8). A detailed methodology, full survey report, and copy of the questionnaire and topline results are available here: https://www.hopelab.org/report/a-national-survey-by-hopelab-and-well-being-trust-2018

About Hopelab: Inspired by hope, realized by science. Hopelab is a social innovation lab focused on designing science-based technologies to improve the health and well-being of teens and young adults. Learn more at www.hopelab.org

About Well Being Trust: Well Being Trust is a national foundation dedicated to advancing the mental, social, and spiritual health of the nation. Created to include participation from organizations across sectors and perspectives, Well Being Trust is committed to innovating and addressing the most critical mental health challenges facing America, and to transforming individual and community well-being. Learn more at www.wellbeingtrust.org and @WellBeingTrust.

SOURCE Hopelab