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Absolvent der FH St. Pölten entwickelt Fake-News-Detektor
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St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences

Mar 02, 2021, 08:00 ET

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Fake News automatisch erkennen

ST. PÖLTEN, Österreich, 2. März 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Armin Kirchknopf, Absolvent des Studiengangs Interactive Technologies der Fachhochschule St. Pölten, Österreich, hat im Rahmen seiner Abschlussarbeit und eines Forschungsprojekts einen automatischen Detektor für Fake News entwickelt. Das Programm ordnet Meldungen durch das Auswerten von Texten, Bildern und anderen Informationen aus Social Media ein und nutzt dabei Verfahren der Künstlichen Intelligenz.

Im Internet und auf Sozialen Medien sind Fake News oft nur schwer von wahren Nachrichten zu unterscheiden. Armin Kirchknopf, Absolvent des Masterstudiums Interactive Technologies und Forschungsassistent der Forschungsgruppe Media Computing der FH St. Pölten, entwickelte in seiner Masterarbeit Methoden, mit denen potentielle Fake News – zumindest in einem ersten Schritt – automatisch erkannt werden können.

Viele Aspekte und Kontext entscheidend

Ansätze dazu gab es bereits, doch bestehende Methoden konzentrierten sich meist auf eine Art von Daten (z. B. Text) und eine begrenzte Menge an Datensätzen. Kirchknopfs Fake-News-Detektor kombiniert eine Vielzahl an Informationen: etwa Texte, Bilder und Kommentare.

Aber auch weitere sogenannte Meta-Informationen aus den sozialen Medien nutzt Kirchknopf. Dazu gehören etwa die Information, ob Nutzer*innen verifiziert sind, zustimmende oder ablehnende Beurteilungen eines Beitrags, das Teilen des Beitrags und die Anzahl der Kommentare. Basierend auf einem Datensatz mit mehr als 1 Million Einträgen von der Plattform reddit.com entwickelte Kirchknopf eine automatische Methode für die Erkennung von potentiellen Falschnachrichten. Prinzipiell ist der Detektor auch auf andere Plattformen übertragbar, wenn man ihn anpasst.

Kirchknopf baute seinen Fake-News-Detektor auf Basis neuronaler Netzwerkmodelle aus dem Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz sowie auf Methoden des Natural Language Processing (NLP) und der Computer Vision auf. Ziel war ein lernfähiges System, das sich an neue Themen anpasst und Metadaten aus Social Media verwendet, um das Erkennen der Fake News zu verbessern.

Menschliches Urteil nicht ersetzbar

Das Ziel von Kirchknopfs Arbeit war es, eine Methode zu schaffen, die es Nutzer*innen von Social-Media-Kanälen ermöglicht, News schnell als Fake oder wahr zu identifizieren.

Kirchknopf wies darauf hin, dass die Nachrichten oftmals in mehrere Kategorien fallen können. „Es geht nicht nur um wahr oder falsch. Fake News sind nicht nur schwarz oder weiß. Das Programm soll einen Kontext liefern, um Beiträge schnell einordnen zu können. Oft gibt es auch nur die Einstufung als ‚wahrscheinlich Fake'. Um in die Tiefe zu gehen, braucht es Recherche und weitere große Datensätze. Am Ende ist immer noch der gesunde Menschenverstand entscheidend", so Kirchknopf.

Projekt Fake News Detection

Das Projekt wurde mit einem Stipendium von der Internet-Förderinitiave netidee gefördert.

https://www.netidee.at/automated-identification-information-disorder-social-media-multimodal-data

Contact: Eva Schweighofer, +43/2742/313 228 265, [email protected]

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