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Científicos clasifican las torres de agua de montaña más importantes y amenazadas del mundo
  • India - English
  • USA - English
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National Geographic and Rolex: Committed to a Perpetual Planet

News provided by

National Geographic Society

Dec 09, 2019, 13:37 ET

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La investigación proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre los sistemas de recursos hídricos derivados de los glaciares de montaña, que afectan a 1.9 mil millones de personas en todo el mundo. 

WASHINGTON, 9 de diciembre de 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Científicos de todo el mundo han evaluado los 78 sistemas hídricos que dependen de glaciares y, por primera vez, los han clasificado por su orden de importancia para las comunidades de las tierras bajas adyacentes, además de evaluar su vulnerabilidad frente a futuros cambios medioambientales y socioeconómicos. Estos sistemas, conocidos como torres de agua de montaña, almacenan y transportan agua a través de glaciares, nevados, lagos y arroyos, con lo que suministran recursos hídricos inestimables a 1.9 mil millones de personas en todo el mundo, casi una cuarta parte de la población mundial.

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Melting ice from the Khumbu glacier runs down the mountain at Everest Base Camp, Nepal in the Ganges-Bramaputra water tower. The region is expected to see a 1.6 degree C temperature rise by 2050. New research supported by National Geographic and Rolex’s Perpetual Planet partnership highlights the importance and vulnerability of the world’s glacier-based water systems. Learn more at natgeo.com/PerpetualPlanet. Photo Credit: Brittany Mumma, National Geographic.
Melting ice from the Khumbu glacier runs down the mountain at Everest Base Camp, Nepal in the Ganges-Bramaputra water tower. The region is expected to see a 1.6 degree C temperature rise by 2050. New research supported by National Geographic and Rolex’s Perpetual Planet partnership highlights the importance and vulnerability of the world’s glacier-based water systems. Learn more at natgeo.com/PerpetualPlanet. Photo Credit: Brittany Mumma, National Geographic.

Esta investigación, publicada en la prestigiosa revista científica Nature, aporta pruebas de que las torres de agua del mundo están en peligro, en muchos casos de forma crítica, debido a las amenazas del cambio climático, el crecimiento demográfico, la mala gestión de los recursos hídricos y otros factores geopolíticos. Además, los autores concluyen que es esencial desarrollar políticas y estrategias internacionales de conservación de las montañas y de adaptación al cambio climático para salvaguardar tanto a los ecosistemas como a las personas que dependen de éste recurso aguas abajo.

Según las investigaciones, a nivel mundial, el sistema montañoso más fiable es la torre de agua del Indo en Asia. La torre de agua del Indo, formada por vastas zonas de la cordillera del Himalaya y que cubre partes de Afganistán, China, India y Pakistán, es también una de las más vulnerables. Los sistemas de torres de agua de alto rango en otros continentes son los Andes meridionales, las Montañas Rocosas y los Alpes Europeos.

Para establecer la importancia de estas 78 torres de agua, los investigadores analizaron los diversos factores que determinan la dependencia de las comunidades río abajo de los suministros de agua de estos sistemas. También evaluaron cada una de las torres de agua para calcular la vulnerabilidad de los recursos hídricos, así como de las personas y los ecosistemas que dependen de ellas, basándose en las predicciones de futuros cambios climáticos y socioeconómicos.

De las 78 torres de agua identificadas en el mundo, las que se relacionan a continuación constituyen los cinco sistemas más fiables por continente:

  • Asia: Indo, Tarim, Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Ganges-Brahmaputra
  • Europa: Ródano, Po, Rin, litoral norte del Mar Negro, litoral de Mar Caspio
  • América del Norte: Fraser, Columbia y noroeste de los Estados Unidos, litoral del Pacífico y del Ártico, Saskatchewan-Nelson, Norteamérica - Colorado
  • América del Sur: sur de Chile, sur de Argentina, Negro, región de La Puna, norte de Chile

El estudio, que fue escrito por 32 científicos de todo el mundo, fue dirigido por el profesor Walter Immerzeel y el Dr. Arthur Lutz de la Universidad de Utrecht, investigadores veteranos en cuestiones relacionadas con el agua y el cambio climático en las altas montañas de Asia.

Immerzeel declaró: «El factor diferenciador de nuestro estudio es que hemos evaluado la importancia de las torres de agua, no solo observando cuánta agua almacenan y suministran, sino también cuánta agua de montaña se necesita río abajo y cuán vulnerables son estos sistemas y comunidades frente a una serie de cambios probables en las próximas décadas». Por su parte, Lutz añadió: «Al evaluar todas las torres de agua de los glaciares de la Tierra, identificamos las cuencas clave que deberían tener preminencia en los programas políticos regionales y globales».

Esta investigación recibió el apoyo de National Geographic y Rolex dentro de su asociación Perpetual Planet, cuyo objetivo es arrojar luz sobre los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los sistemas críticos que sustentan la vida en la Tierra, apoyar la ciencia y la exploración de estos sistemas, además de facultar a los líderes de todo el mundo para desarrollar soluciones a fin de proteger el planeta.

Jonathan Baillie, vicepresidente ejecutivo y científico jefe de National Geographic Society adujo: «Las montañas son lugares icónicos y sagrados en todo el mundo, pero el papel crítico que desempeñan en el mantenimiento de la vida en la Tierra no esta bien entendido. Esta investigación ayudará a los responsables de la toma de decisiones, a nivel mundial y local, a priorizar las medidas que deben adoptarse para proteger los sistemas montañosos, los recursos que proporcionan y las personas que dependen de ellos».

Más información en natgeo.com/PerpetualPlanet.

Imagen - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1041075/National_Geographic_Society_Khumbu_Glacier.jpg

Logo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1041076/National_Geographic_Society_Rolex_Logo.jpg 

Related Links

http://www.nationalgeographic.org

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