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Comparación de las dietas saludables de tres mil millones de personas de cinco países diferentes
  • USA - Deutsch
  • USA - Italiano
  • USA - English
  • India - English
  • USA - Français


News provided by

SICS, Società Italiana di Comunicazione Scientifica e Sanitaria

Dec 07, 2015, 03:41 ET

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Dietary Guidelines and Public Health: an international perspective - 36th National Congress SINU (PRNewsFoto/SICS) (PRNewsFoto/SICS)
Dietary Guidelines and Public Health: an international perspective - 36th National Congress SINU (PRNewsFoto/SICS) (PRNewsFoto/SICS)

FLORENCIA, Italia, December 7, 2015 /PRNewswire/ --

La organización SINU (La Società Italiana di Nutrizione Umana) abrió su 36 congreso nacional con el taller "Foods and diet: innovating tradition", una reunión sin precedentes en la que los principales expertos en nutrición de Australia, China, India, Estados Unidos e Italia analizaron las respectivas Directrices y la metodología adoptada para desarrollarlas científicamente.

     (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20151204/293374 )

Los comunicados periódicos en los medios escrutinando los efectos en la salud de alimentos individuales pueden conducir a confusión entre los miembros del público. Los alimentos como la carne roja y el salami, el azúcar, la leche, el gluten y ahora también las bebidas calientes como el café han demostrado causar daños. "Más allá de la solidez de los datos científicos, es un enfoque incorrecto de todos modos, especialmente desde una perspectiva comunicativa y educativa porque se centra en un solo nutriente o alimento, sin considerar la dieta en su totalidad", aclaró Furio Brighenti, director general de SINU. "Deberíamos ser escépticos de este 'reduccionismo', y en su lugar adoptar un enfoque didáctico para una dieta equilibrada, que tenga en cuenta todos los alimentos que consumimos, así como nuestro estilo de vida".

"En ausencia de contraindicaciones médicas específicas, es probablemente contraproducente clasificar un solo alimento como alimento "malo" y establecer prohibiciones rígidas en un alimento específico, porque la primera reacción sería violar la prohibición, particularmente entre determinados grupos de edad, como los adolescentes", añadió Robert Gibson del Departamento de Functional Food Science y la Universidad de Adelaide, Australia.

Incluso Laura Rossi, nutricionista en Crea-Nut, una entidad de investigación que desarrolla directrices italianas, dice: "No se trata de que un ingrediente sea bueno o malo en sí mismo. No estamos de acuerdo en hacer comparaciones como verduras buenas con animales malos, o aceite de palma o azúcar con lo que sea. El componente no tiene que ser necesariamente saludable en sí mismo, sino que se trata de que sea bueno dentro de la dieta".

Según Joanne Slavin, profesora de Nutrición en la Universidad de Minnesota, "Tener un enfoque rígido a alimentos únicos es un error, ya que nuestros requisitos nutricionales varían en las diferentes etapas de la vida y es difícil establecer límites a los nutrientes como grasas, azúcar o sal, que son importantes en cada edad". Según Slavin, es fundamental garantizar que las recomendaciones nutricionales se basen en la evidencia científica más sólida.

En la reciente revisión de las directrices sobre azúcares, la Organización Mundial de la Salud recomendó limitar su consumo a menos del 10% de la ingesta calórica diaria total, pero deseó reducirla más del 5% (en otras palabras 25 gramos/6 cucharillas). "La recomendación del 5% no se basa en la ciencia de calidad", dijo Brighenti, "pero es un claro ejemplo de gestión del riesgo, en otras palabras una decisión política que no tiene nada que ver con lo que nos dice la investigación. Los mismos expertos de la OMS han admitido incluso utilizar los datos científicos consolidados para la recomendación del 10% y datos de pobre calidad para el 5%".

Durante el taller internacional, surgió que las directrices de los países que representan el 50% de la población global se orientan al 10% para el azúcar y no al 5% propuesto por la OMS. En China la introducción de azúcares añadidos es igual o menor al 5% (Euromonitor), a pesar de la creciente obesidad.

"En nuestras directrices", explicó Zhang Huanmei de la Chinese Nutrition Society, "destacamos la importancia de una dieta variada que incluya diferentes alimentos. Además, hemos lanzado recomendaciones específicas para las diferentes categorías y grupos de edad".

Otro concepto importante surgido de las discusiones es el estilo de vida. Gibson explicó cómo el ejercicio físico y una dieta sana se complementan y que lo uno no puede hacerse sin lo otro.

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