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A confronto le linee guida per una sana alimentazione di tre miliardi di persone di 5 paesi diversi
  • USA - Deutsch
  • USA - English
  • India - English
  • USA - Français
  • USA - español


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SICS, Società Italiana di Comunicazione Scientifica e Sanitaria

Dec 09, 2015, 05:00 ET

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Dietary Guidelines and Public Health: an international perspective - 36th National Congress SINU (PRNewsFoto/SICS) (PRNewsFoto/SICS)
Dietary Guidelines and Public Health: an international perspective - 36th National Congress SINU (PRNewsFoto/SICS) (PRNewsFoto/SICS)

FIRENZE, Italian, December 9, 2015 /PRNewswire/ --

La SINU (Società Italiana di Nutrizione Umana) ha aperto il proprio 36° congresso nazionale con il workshop "Alimenti e dieta: innovare la tradizione", un incontro senza precedenti che ha visto alcuni tra i massimi esperti di nutrizione di Australia, Cina, India, Stati Uniti ed Italia confrontarsi sulle rispettive Linee guida e sulle metodologie impiegate per elaborarle in modo scientifico.

     (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20151204/293374 )

Periodicamente arrivano notizie che colpiscono a turno singoli alimenti creando confusione: carne rossa e salumi, zucchero, latte, glutine e prossimamente bevande calde e caffè sono alcuni tra gli esempi più recenti: «Al di là della robustezza del dato scientifico, è un approccio comunque sbagliato soprattutto a livello comunicativo ed educativo, perché sposta l'attenzione su un singolo nutriente o un singolo alimento senza considerare la dieta nel suo complesso» chiarisce Furio Brighenti, Presidente della SINU. Attenzione, quindi, al "riduzionismo" e via libera, invece, ad un approccio educativo all'alimentazione equilibrata, che tenga conto dei vari cibi che ciascuno di noi assume ogni giorno, ma anche degli stili di vita che conduciamo. «In assenza di specifiche controindicazioni mediche, è probabilmente controproducente indicare un singolo alimento come "cattivo" e dare dei divieti molto rigidi su uno specifico alimento perché la prima reazione, soprattutto in certe fasce di età come l'adolescenza, è quella di violare il divieto» aggiunge Robert Gibson, Dipartimento di Functional Food Science, Università di Adelaide, Australia.

Anche Laura Rossi, nutrizionista del Crea-Nut, l'ente di ricerca che elabora le Linee guida italiane, sostiene: «Non esiste un alimento o un nutriente che di per sé faccia bene o male. Non ci piace una contrapposizione buono-cattivo tra vegetale e animale, tra l'olio di palma e il burro, tra l'amido e lo zucchero, o quant'altro. Il componente non è necessariamente sano di per sé; ciò che dobbiamo fare è costruire una dieta che lo sia».

Secondo Joanne Slavin, docente di nutrizione presso l'Università del Minnesota: «E' sbagliato pensare in modo prescrittivo al singolo cibo, anche perché il bisogno di nutrienti varia nelle fasi della vita ed è difficile stabilire dei limiti su nutrienti come grassi, zucchero o sale che siano validi in tutte le fasce d'età». Secondo l'esperta è fondamentale che le raccomandazioni nutrizionali si basino sulle evidenze scientifiche più solide possibile.

Nella recente revisione delle linee guida sugli zuccheri, l'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità raccomanda di limitarne il consumo a meno del 10% delle calorie totali giornaliere ma auspica addirittura un'ulteriore riduzione al 5% (ovvero circa 25 grammi/6 cucchiaini da tè). La raccomandazione del 5% non è basata sulla qualità della scienza» chiarisce Brighenti, «ma è un chiaro un esempio di "risk management", ovvero di una decisione politica che non ha nulla a che vedere con quello che ci dice la ricerca. Gli stessi esperti dell'Oms hanno ammesso di aver usato dati scientifici consolidati per quanto riguarda l'indicazione del 10% ma di scarsa qualità per il 5%».

Nell'ambito del workshop è emerso che le linee guida dei paesi rappresentati il 50% della popolazione mondiale sono orientate ad un 10% di zucchero e non al 5% come proposto dall'OMS. In Cina l'introduzione di zuccheri aggiunti è uguale o inferiore al 5% (Euromonitor), a fronte comunque di un'obesità crescente.

«Nelle nostre Linee guida» ha spiegato Zhang Huanmei della Chinese Nutrition Society «indichiamo l'importanza di un'alimentazione varia che includa diversi alimenti. Inoltre, abbiamo varato delle raccomandazioni specifiche ma differenziate per categorie e fasce di età».

Un altro importante concetto emerso è legato agli stili di vita. Gibson ha spiegato come esercizio fisico e sana alimentazione funzionino solo in coppia.

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