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ETCO: La carga tributaria desalineada es un atractivo para el contrabando de cigarrillos
  • Brazil - Português


News provided by

Instituto Brasileiro de Ética Concorrencial (ETCO)

Apr 10, 2018, 03:24 ET

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SÃO PAULO, 10 de abril de 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- En 2017, la venta de cigarrillos ilegales en Brasil batió un récord histórico y alcanzó el 48% del volumen de ventas de dicho producto a nivel nacional. Un año antes esta cifra se ubicaba en el 46%, mientras que dos años atrás representaba un 30%. La mayor parte de los cigarrillos ilegales vendidos en las calles de las ciudades brasileñas proviene de Paraguay e ingresa al país como contrabando, mientras que el resto proviene de cigarrillos falsificados que se producen de modo ilegal en pequeñas fábricas de Brasil.

La explicación para este aumento explosivo en el volumen de cigarrillos contrabandeados reside en gran parte en la desalineación que existe entre la carga tributaria de los cigarrillos de Paraguay y Brasil. En la actualidad la carga tributaria que existe en la industria formal de fabricación de cigarrillos en Brasil es del 71% en promedio, alcanzando en algunos casos una cifra cercana al 90%, una alícuota rara para cualquier tipo de producto nacional. En los últimos años se dieron aumentos de impuestos sucesivos para esta actividad: de 2011 a 2017 el IPI (Impuesto a los productos industrializados) de los cigarrillos subió un 140%, frente a una inflación del 44% según el IPCA (Índice de precios al consumidor amplio). En el mismo período, 19 gobiernos estatales aumentaron la alícuota del ICMS (Impuesto a la circulación de mercaderías y servicios) del cigarrillo, con un aumento promedio de cinco puntos porcentuales en las alícuotas aplicadas. A lo largo de este mismo período en Paraguay la carga tributaria de los cigarrillos permaneció estable, ubicándose en torno al 16%.

El resultado fue la explosión del contrabando del producto paraguayo: Al día de hoy la producción de dicho país es 30 veces mayor que el mercado de consumo interno. Entre las tres marcas de cigarrillos más vendidas en Brasil en 2017, dos son paraguayas. La más vendida en Brasil es Eight, fabricada por Tabacalera del Este, empresa que pertenece al actual presidente de Paraguay, Horacio Cartes.

Los cálculos de entidades que estudian al sector, como el Instituto Brasileño de Ética Competitiva (ETCO, por sus siglas en portugués), revelan que en 2017 el gobierno dejó de recaudar alrededor de R$ 9.700 millones a causa del contrabando de cigarrillos.

Además de la cuestión tributaria, la explosión del contrabando en los últimos años se debió a las dificultades que encontró el gobierno para combatir al comercio ilegal en las zonas fronterizas. Brasil posee cerca de 3.000 agentes para fiscalizar casi 17.000 kilómetros de fronteras, además de los puertos y aeropuertos.

Contacto:
[email protected]
55 11 9 9393-2161
55 11 3165-9575

FUENTE Instituto Brasileiro de Ética Concorrencial (ETCO)

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