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ETCO: las proporciones inéditas del contrabando
  • Brazil - Português

La venta ilegal de productos afecta directamente la economía del país


News provided by

Instituto Brasileiro de Ética Concorrencial (ETCO)

Apr 05, 2018, 09:30 ET

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SÃO PAULO, 5 de abril de 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- El contrabando de Paraguay hacia Brasil ha alcanzado cifras alarmantes. Para que se tenga una idea, el impacto de la venta de productos ilegales en 2017, del orden de los 146 mil millones de reales, superó el tamaño del presupuesto anual del Ministerio de Salud, que fue de 117,8 mil millones de reales. La ilegalidad golpea de lleno el mercado laboral y al consumidor brasileño, quien al principio cree encontrar en esas mercancías algún tipo de beneficio, pero quien se convierte rápidamente en la principal víctima del contrabando. "El contrabandista es un diseminador de armas pesadas, drogas y cigarrillos hacia los principales centros urbanos de Brasil. El volumen de cigarrillos contrabandeados es tan grande que representa el 48 % del mercado brasileño, en una lista que también incluye aparatos electrónicos, ropas, gafas, juguetes, medicamentos y bebidas, entre otros", afirmó Edson Vismona, presidente del Instituto Brasileño de Ética en la Competencia (Instituto Brasileiro de Ética Concorrencial, ETCO).

Los productos contrabandeados desde Paraguay llegan a Brasil mucho más baratos por un motivo específico: la gran diferencia de tributación entre los dos lados de la frontera y la evasión de impuestos. El impuesto sobre los aparatos electrónicos en Brasil oscila entre 36 % y 50 %, comparado con apenas 10 % en Paraguay. En el caso de los cigarrillos, se les cobra 16 % de impuestos en Paraguay, comparado con hasta 80 % en Brasil, dependiendo del Impuesto sobre la Circulación de Mercancías y Servicios (ICMS) aplicado, además de los impuestos federales. Sin embargo, el problema no se limita apenas a la diferencia impositiva. Al contrario de lo que ocurre en Brasil, donde todo cigarrillo fabricado está vigilado por Anvisa, en Paraguay no sucede lo mismo. Un análisis sobre los cigarrillos ilegales realizado por la Universidad Estatal de Ponta Grossa en 2013 encontró fragmentos de insectos, arena, coliformes fecales, plásticos y hongos. El problema podría ser incluso más grave sin la presencia de las fuerzas de fiscalización en las fronteras brasileñas, que trabajan de manera incansable con arreglo a las recomendaciones del Tribunal de Cuentas de Brasil.

Un estudio reciente realizado por el Instituto Datafolha apunta que el 86 % de los electores no votaría por un candidato presidencial que se negara a combatir el contrabando de cigarrillos. "El debate sobre el comercio ilegal cobra incluso mayor importancia este año, cuando Brasil y Paraguay elegirán nuevos presidentes. Se trata de la oportunidad ideal para que los electores de ambos países les demuestren a sus nuevos gobernantes que desean vivir en países honestos, con más seguridad, oportunidades de empleo y con acciones concretas de combate al contrabando", sostuvo Vismona.

Contacto: 
[email protected]
55 11 9 9393-2161
55 11 3165-9575

FUENTE Instituto Brasileiro de Ética Concorrencial (ETCO)

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