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Genética deCODE: variante de perda de função no FLT3 aumenta fortemente o risco de doença autoimune da tireoide e outras doenças autoimunes
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A combinação de genômica, transcriptômica e proteômica lança luz sobre as doenças autoimunes da tireoide, outras doenças autoimunes e LMA

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deCODE genetics Inc.

Jun 24, 2020, 11:00 ET

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REYKJAVIK, Islândia, 24 de junho de 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Cientistas da deCODE genetics, uma subsidiária da Amgen, e colaboradores do sistema de saúde islandês, a Universidade da Islândia e o Instituto Karolinska, na Suécia, publicaram hoje um estudo na Nature, comparando mais de 30 mil pacientes da Islândia e Reino Unido com doença autoimune da tireoide com 725 mil controles. A doença autoimune da tireoide (AITD) é a doença autoimune mais comum e é altamente hereditária. Os cientistas descobriram 99 variantes de sequência associadas à doença autoimune da tireoide, e 84 delas não haviam sido associadas à doença antes.

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Loss of Function Variant in FLT3 Strongly Increases the Risk of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Other Autoimmune Diseases
Loss of Function Variant in FLT3 Strongly Increases the Risk of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Other Autoimmune Diseases
deCODE genetics headquarters
deCODE genetics headquarters

Uma das variantes de sequência recém-descobertas está em um gene que codifica o receptor FLT3 (tirosina quinase 3 relacionada a fms) nas células sanguíneas e nas imunológicas, sendo de grande interesse por várias razões.

Primeiramente, aumenta muito o risco de doença autoimune da tireoide e outras doenças autoimunes, como lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), artrite reumatoide (AR) e doença celíaca. Todas elas são caracterizadas por autoanticorpos e são mais comuns em mulheres que em homens. Além disso, os pacientes com essas doenças também são frequentemente afetados por doenças autoimunes da tireoide.

Em segundo lugar, sabe-se que a ativação de mutações somáticas no gene FLT3 se associa à leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA). Portanto, os cientistas testaram se essa variante da linha germinativa do FLT3 afeta o risco de LMA, pois aumenta o risco de doenças autoimunes. Descobriu-se que quase dobra o risco de LMA, mas não o risco de câncer em geral.

Em terceiro lugar, é notável que essa variante do FLT3, que está em um íntron do gene e não afeta diretamente a sequência de codificação, possa ter um efeito tão forte no risco da doença. O que acontece é que a variante introduz um códon de parada em um terço dos históricos, o que resulta em uma proteína mais curta, que não tem a parte da cinase, essencial para sua função.

Finalmente, essa variante do FLT3 afeta os níveis plasmáticos de várias outras proteínas do corpo, especialmente o ligante do FLT3, resultando em quase o dobro do nível nos portadores. Esse casal molecular, o receptor FLT3 e seu ligante, tem papel fundamental no desenvolvimento de células sanguíneas, que são importantes na leucemia mieloide aguda e nas respostas imunes. Portanto, essa variante é uma mutação da perda de função que, pelo aumento compensatório no nível do ligante, atua como um ganho de função.

"O relatório descreve um novo gene de risco importante para várias doenças autoimunes, descoberto por um estudo em todo o genoma da doença autoimune da tireoide, e como a variante de risco afeta o produto do gene, FLT3 e, consequentemente, o nível do ligante ao receptor FLT3 no sangue, demonstrando sua importância funcional", diz o professor Saedis Saevarsdottir, cientista da deCODE genetics e primeiro autor do artigo.

As descobertas apresentadas no artigo são baseadas na aplicação sequencial de genômica, transcriptômica e proteômica. A combinação dessas três ômicas de maneira independente de hipóteses produz uma abordagem notavelmente poderosa para o estudo de doenças humanas", diz Kari Stefansson, diretor executivo da deCODE genetics e autor principal do artigo.

Sediada em Reykjavik, Islândia, a deCODE é líder global na análise e compreensão do genoma humano. Usando sua experiência única em genética humana, combinada à crescente experiência em transcriptômica e proteômica populacional e grande quantidade de dados fenotípicos, a deCODE descobriu fatores de risco para dezenas de doenças comuns e forneceu informações importantes sobre sua patogênese. O objetivo de entender a genética das doenças é usar essas informações para criar novos meios de diagnosticá-las, tratá-las e preveni-las. A deCODE é uma subsidiária integral da Amgen (NASDAQ: AMGN).

Contato: 
Thora Kristin Asgeirsdottir
Relações públicas e comunicações
deCODE genetics
[email protected]
+354-894-1909

Vídeo - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wa4OGAejKTs

Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1195282/deCODE_genetics_headquarters.jpg

Logo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/974116/deCODE_genetics_Logo.jpg

FONTE deCODE genetics Inc.

Related Links

https://www.decode.com/

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