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Las mujeres embarazadas pueden reducir su riesgo de defectos congénitos con una vacuna antigripal, dice March of Dimes
  • USA - English

March of Dimes Foundation Logo

News provided by

March of Dimes

Aug 25, 2016, 12:29 ET

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WHITE PLAINS, Nueva York, 25 de agosto de 2016 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Enfermarse de gripe en las primeras etapas del embarazo eleva al doble la probabilidad de que el bebé tenga un defecto congénito grave en el cerebro, la columna o el corazón en comparación con las mujeres que no se han contagiado el virus, afirma March of Dimes.

La vacuna antigripal para la temporada 2016-2017 ya está disponible, y las embarazadas deberían fijar una cita de inmediato, a fin de asegurarse de recibir la vacuna temprano, dice el Dr. Edward R.B. McCabe, director médico en jefe de March of Dimes.

No está claro si es por la fiebre alta asociada con la gripe o por la enfermedad en sí que contribuye al aumento del riesgo de defectos congénitos, dicen los expertos. Pero la reducción del riesgo de defectos congénitos es un motivo por el cual todas las embarazadas y aquellas mujeres que piensan en tener un hijo deben vacunarse anualmente contra la gripe.

Solamente la mitad de las embarazadas en los Estados Unidos se vacunan contra la gripe cada temporada, lo que pone a miles de futuras mamás y a sus niños en un mayor riesgo de sufrir una enfermedad grave.

"La vacuna antigripal anual debería ser una prioridad en la atención médica en esta época del año", dice el Dr. McCabe. "Los proveedores de atención médica deberían ofrecerles una vacuna antigripal a todas sus pacientes en edad fértil -- y si no lo hacen, las pacientes deben pedirla".

Las embarazadas tienen mayor necesidad de una vacuna antigripal porque los cambios normales en su sistema inmunológico, corazón y pulmones las ponen en un riesgo mayor de sufrir los efectos nocivos de la infección por el virus de la gripe. Además, los niños nacidos de mujeres vacunadas contra la gripe durante el embarazo están protegidos contra una enfermedad grave por gripe durante sus primeros seis meses de vida. Las mujeres inmunizadas además tienen un menor riesgo de hospitalizaciones relacionadas con la gripe por asma crónica, afecciones cardíacas, diabetes, un sistema inmunológico debilitado y otros problemas de salud.

Estudios realizados en miles de embarazadas que recibieron la vacuna antigripal estacional han indicado que las mujeres inmunizadas no presentan un riesgo mayor de nacimientos prematuros ni de bebés con defectos congénitos que las mujeres no inmunizadas. Los investigadores también encontraron que las mujeres inmunizadas tienen menos probabilidades de dar a luz un feto muerto.

Los Centros de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades de los EE. UU. recomiendan que toda persona a partir de los seis meses de edad, incluidas las embarazadas, sea vacunada anualmente contra el virus de la gripe.

Además de recibir sus vacunas antigripales anuales, las embarazadas pueden reducir sus riesgos de contagio limitando el contacto con otras personas enfermas; absteniéndose de tocarse los ojos, nariz y boca; lavándose las manos con agua y jabón antes de tocar a otras personas; usando desinfectantes para manos; lavando los platos y utensilios con agua jabonosa caliente o el lavaplatos, y absteniéndose de compartir platos, vasos, utensilios o cepillos de dientes. Además, quienes viven con mujeres embarazadas o están en contacto cercano con ellas también deben vacunarse todos los años contra la gripe.

Las embarazadas que presenten síntomas de gripe, tales como una fiebre súbita, dolores musculares y tos, deben comunicarse con sus proveedores de atención médica lo más pronto posible para analizar el inicio de un tratamiento antiviral.

March of Dimes es la organización sin fines de lucro líder en embarazo y salud infantil. Durante más de 75 años, las mamás y los bebés se han beneficiado de las investigaciones, la educación, las vacunas y los logros de March of Dimes. Para conocer más sobre los últimos recursos e información, visite marchofdimes.com o nacersano.org. Encuéntrenos en Facebook y en Twitter.

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http://www.marchofdimes.org

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