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Les réactions allergiques aux médicaments affectent plus de 7 % de la population globale, représentant un fardeau économique important pour le système de santé


News provided by

EAACI - European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Apr 14, 2014, 01:49 ET

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EAACI EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Logo (PRNewsFoto/EAACI)
EAACI EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Logo (PRNewsFoto/EAACI)

BERNE, Suisse, April 14, 2014 /PRNewswire/ --

Les réactions d'hypersensibilité médicamenteuse (RHM) affectent 7 % de la population[1] et représentent un problème de santé majeur, car elles peuvent être potentiellement mortelles et nécessiter ou prolonger une hospitalisation[2]. Le sous-diagnostic (détection incomplète) et le sur-diagnostic (usage excessif du terme « allergie ») sont tous deux courants dans la pratique clinique, et peuvent conduire à la prescription de médicaments plus coûteux et moins efficaces.

     (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20140414/680784 )

Ces informations figurent dans le Consensus international (ICON) sur les allergies médicamenteuses, présenté lors de la 6e édition de l'évènement Drug Hypersensitivity Meeting qui s'est tenue ce weekend à Berne, en Suisse, sous les auspices de l'Académie européenne d'allergologie et d'immunologie clinique (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - EAACI). Il s'agit du premier document signé par quatre organismes internationaux, unis au sein de l'International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), qui fournit un examen et une mise à jour des principales preuves scientifiques sur les RHM dans le but de mettre au point des outils permettant de soutenir les décisions médicales et d'améliorer la pratique clinique en matière de prise en charge des allergies médicamenteuses.

Des experts ont analysé de manière critique les directives existantes, mettant en évidence les messages clés communs ainsi que les différences et le manque d'éléments probants. «L'approche à l'égard des RHM est complexe et doit être précise, quel que soit le médicament impliqué. Ce consensus était nécessaire pour fournir à la communauté médicale un document de référence général en vue d'améliorer le diagnostic et le traitement des réactions d'hypersensibilité médicamenteuse », signale Pascal Demoly, vice-président de l'EAACI chargé de l'éducation et de la spécialisation.

Les RHM sont l'ensemble d'effets indésirables causés par les médicaments. Les éruptions urticariennes et maculopapulaires constituent les manifestations les plus fréquentes, mais il existe de nombreuses autres présentations cliniques[1].

L'une des sessions les plus importantes était consacrée au risque accru d'hypersensibilité médicamenteuse associée aux antigènes des leucocytes humains (HLA). «La découverte indiquant que certaines allergies médicamenteuses graves apparaissent presque exclusivement chez les porteurs de certains allèles HLA a permis d'appliquer une médecine personnalisée en vue de l'usage plus sûr de médicaments et dans le but d'éviter des effets secondaires graves », explique le Professeur Werner J. Pichler, président de DHM 2014 et directeur du service d'allergologie de l'hôpital universitaire de Berne, en Suisse.

RÉFÉRENCES  

  1. Gomes ER, Demoly P. Epidemiology of hypersensitivity drug reactions. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;5:309-316.
  2. Demoly P, Adkinson NF, Brockow K, Castells M, Chiriac AM, Greenberger PA, Khan DA, Lang DM, Park H-S, Pichler W, Sanchez-Borges M, Shiohara T, Thong BY-H. International Consensus on drug allergy. Allergy2014;69:420-437.

Renseignements complémentaires :
Hill + Knowlton Strategies
+34-93-410-82-63
[email protected] 

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