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Neuropeptid Y Y1-Rezeptorstrukturen bieten neue Möglichkeiten für die Medikamentenforschung gegen Adipositas
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News provided by

Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Apr 19, 2018, 11:03 ET

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- Strukturen des menschlichen Neuropeptid Y-Rezeptors Y1R zeigen Ansprechmechanismen auf Wirkstoffe

SHANGHAI, 19. April 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Fettleibigkeit ist ein großes Problem für die öffentliche Gesundheit. Jedes Jahr sterben Millionen Menschen an mit Adipositas verbundenen Krankheiten wie Diabetes und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Das Neuropeptid Y (NPY) ist der stärkste Stimulator für die Essensaufnahme, dessen Wirkung vor allem durch den Y1-Rezeptor (Y1R) vermittelt wird. Daher dient Y1R als ein wichtiger Medikamentenansatzpunkt für viele menschliche Erkrankungen wie Adipositas, Typ-2-Diabetes und das metabolische Syndrom. Die klinische Nutzung von Y1R-Liganden wurde jedoch bisher durch eine geringe Potenz und Selektivität, schlechte Gehirngängigkeit und fehlende orale Bioverfügbarkeit behindert.

The new Nature study reports the structure of the human neuropeptide Y receptor Y1R, which is involved in regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis, and serves as an important drug target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. (Image courtesy of Dr. Beili Wu’s group from SIMM.)
The new Nature study reports the structure of the human neuropeptide Y receptor Y1R, which is involved in regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis, and serves as an important drug target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. (Image courtesy of Dr. Beili Wu’s group from SIMM.)

Nun haben vor Kurzem Wissenschaftler des Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM) und der Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Zusammenarbeit mit mehreren Gruppen aus Deutschland, den USA, China und Schweden die hochauflösenden Atomstrukturen des menschlichen Y1R gebunden an zwei strukturell vielfältige Antagonisten UR-MK299 und BMS-193885 festgestellt. Dies ergab eine detaillierte molekulare Karte von Y1R und unschätzbare Erkenntnisse zum Verständnis der Pharmakologie des NPY-Rezeptors. Die entsprechende Studie wurde kürzlich in Nature veröffentlicht.

Darin offenbaren die Y1R-Strukturen erstmals die molekularen Details eines NPY-Rezeptors, der sich auf atomarer Ebene an seinen Liganden bindet, und liefern so eine genaue Vorlage für ein auf Y1R abzielendes Wirkstoffdesign. Die Strukturen zusammen mit der Mutagenese, Ligandenbindung und Signalstudien veranschaulichen die Bindungsmodi von Y1R an verschiedene Antagonisten und die molekularen Mechanismen der Ligandenselektivität bei unterschiedlichen NPY-Rezeptoren. Diese Erkenntnisse eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten für die Medikamentenforschung gegen Adipositas.

Auf der Grundlage der Y1R-Struktur führten die Forscher umfangreiche Studien durch, wie unter anderem ergänzende Mutagenese, Zellsignale, Magnetresonanztomografie, molekulares Docking und photoinduzierte Vernetzung. Die Ergebnisse liefern Erkenntnisse über das Bindungsverhalten des endogenen Agonisten NPY an Y1R, wobei erstmals die Bindungsstelle des NPY N-Terminus, der kritisch für die Rezeptorselektivität ist, in Y1R ermittelt wurde. Dieses neu gewonnene Wissen über Y1R erweitert unser Verständnis über die NPY-Rezeptor-Signalübertragung und schafft eine Grundlage für die strukturbasierte Medikamentenforschung, die auf diesen physiologisch wichtigen Rezeptor abzielt.

Foto: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/679221/Neuropeptide_Y_receptor_Y1R.jpg

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