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Oltre il 7% della popolazione generale soffre di reazioni allergiche ai farmaci, il che comporta una spesa eccessiva per il sistema sanitario


News provided by

EAACI - European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Apr 14, 2014, 01:46 ET

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EAACI EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Logo (PRNewsFoto/EAACI)
EAACI EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Logo (PRNewsFoto/EAACI)

BERNA, Svizzera, April 14, 2014 /PRNewswire/ --

Le reazioni da ipersensibilità a farmaci colpiscono il 7% della popolazione[1] e costituiscono un grave problema per la salute, poiché possono essere potenzialmente mortali e richiedere, o prolungare, un ricovero in ospedale[2]. Sia i casi di underdiagnosis (sottovalutazione del fenomeno) sia quelli di overdiagnosis (uso eccessivo del termine "allergia") sono comuni nella pratica clinica e possono portare alla prescrizione di farmaci più costosi o meno efficaci.

     (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20140414/680784 )

Queste informazioni provengono dal Documento di consenso internazionale (ICON) sulle allergie ai farmaci, presentato in occasione del 6th Drug Hypersensitivity Meeting, tenutosi lo scorso weekend a Berna, in Svizzera, patrocinato dall'Accademia europea di allergologia e immunologia clinica (EAACI). È il primo documento sottoscritto da quattro enti internazionali, riuniti nell'International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), che riesamina e aggiorna le principali prove scientifiche sulle reazioni da ipersensibilità a farmaci per fornire gli strumenti con cui supportare il processo decisionale dei medici e migliorare la pratica clinica nella gestione delle allergie ai farmaci.

Gli esperti hanno esaminato con occhio critico le linee guida esistenti, mettendo in risalto i messaggi chiave, discutendo le differenze e la mancanza di prove. "L'approccio alle reazioni da ipersensibilità a farmaci è complesso e deve essere preciso, qualunque sia il farmaco in oggetto. Questo documento di consenso è stato necessario per fornire alla comunità medica un documento di consultazione generale per migliorare la diagnosi e il trattamento delle reazioni da ipersensibilità a farmaci," fa notare Pascal Demoly, Vice presidente EAACI per la formazione e la specializzazione.

Le reazioni da ipersensibilità a farmaci sono una serie di effetti indesiderati causati dall'assunzione di farmaci.  Orticaria ed eruzioni maculo-papulari sono la manifestazione più frequente, sebbene vi siano molte altre presentazioni cliniche[1].

Una delle sessioni più significative è stata dedicata all'incremento del rischio di ipersensibilità da farmaci associato agli HLA (antigeni umani leucocitari). "Aver scoperto che alcune gravi allergie ai farmaci compaiono quasi esclusivamente in portatori di un determinato allele HLA rende possibile il ricorso alla medicina personalizzata per un uso più sicuro dei farmaci, evitando gravi effetti collaterali", spiega il professor Werner J. Pichler, Presidente del DHM 2014 e direttore del servizio di Allergologia presso l'Ospedale Universitario di Berna, in Svizzera.

RIFERIMENTI BIBLIOGRAFICI  

  1. Gomes ER, Demoly P. Epidemiology of hypersensitivity drug reactions. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;5:309-316.
  2. Demoly P, Adkinson NF, Brockow K, Castells M, Chiriac AM, Greenberger PA, Khan DA, Lang DM, Park H-S, Pichler W, Sanchez-Borges M, Shiohara T, Thong BY-H. International Consensus on drug allergy. Allergy2014;69:420-437.

Per maggiori informazioni:
Hill + Knowlton Strategies
+34-93-410-82-63
[email protected] 

SOURCE EAACI - European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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