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News provided by

Lanzhou Environmental Protection Bureau

Apr 20, 2017, 05:24 ET

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LAN-ČOU, Čína, 20. apríla 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Spočiatku Ma Xiaobing váhal, či má vo svojom stánku na predaj kebabu investovať do zariadenia na odsávanie dymu, ale dnes sa mu darí oveľa lepšie.

„V minulosti sme každý deň upiekli tak štyri jahňacie stehná. Dnes ich dennodenne pečieme približne 20," povedal Ma pôvodom z Lan-čou, provincie Kan-su. „Máme viac návštevníkov a práce ako kedykoľvek predtým."

Lan-čou, mesto v údolí Žltej rieky nachádzajúce sa na prevažne suchom severozápade krajiny, bolo kedysi jedným z najznečistenejších miest Číny. Miera znečistenia bola taká vysoká, že ľudia vtipkovali, že ich mesto satelitné snímky nezobrazujú, pretože ho nevidieť.

Masívne opatrenia na zníženie znečisťovania ovzdušia znížili hustotu PM10 a PM2,5 v meste na menej ako 75 percent úrovne z roku 2013. V minulom roku sa počet dní s modrou oblohou zvýšil o 50 a dosiahol počet 243.

Hlavné mesto tejto provincie sa podľa ústredného inšpekčného tímu stalo „vzorom zlepšovania kvality vzduchu". Ročná spotreba uhlia v meste klesla z 10 miliónov ton v roku 2012 na približne šesť miliónov ton v minulom roku.

Jedno z opatrení v Lan-čou sa sústredilo na zaangažovanie predstaviteľov miestnej samosprávy. Yang Mingyan, pracovník obvodného úradu, je jedným z 10 000 supervízorov znečistenia v mesta.

„Každé ráno skontrolujem oblasť, za ktorú zodpovedám, aby som zistil, kto čo spaľuje a či niekto nepoužíva nekvalitné uhlie alebo drevo. Ak zistím nejaký problém, okamžite požiadam zodpovednú osobu, aby s tým prestala. Ak ma neuposlúchnu, nahlásim incident nadriadeným orgánom."

Všetky mestá majú vytvorené stratégie na zníženie znečisťovania, ale v Lan-čou sa ich dodržiavanie veľmi prísne vyžaduje.

„Niektoré mestá majú strach alebo sa nevedia vysporiadať s veľkými firmami v oblasti životného prostredia, pretože sa obávajú hospodárskeho dopadu týchto opatrení, ale Lan-čou tento problém nemá," povedal Xing Lifeng, zástupca riaditeľa kancelárie pre ochranu životného prostredia v Lan-čou.

Kancelária pre ochranu životného prostredia dokonca udelila pokutu aj veľkej štátnej petrochemickej továrni a ďalšie požiadala, aby sa občanom ospravedlnili.

Niektorí predstavitelia miestnej samosprávy boli potrestaní za nedostatočné plnenie svojich povinností súvisiacich so znižovaním znečisťovania, ale tí, ktorí sa odhodlane pustili do boja za čistejšie životné prostredie, boli povýšení.

„Mnohé z našich opatrení nie sú príliš inovatívne, ale v Lan-čou znečisťovatelia podliehajú zákonnej moci," povedal Xing.

Niektoré silne znečistené mestá, ako napr. Šijiazhuang and Čeng-čou, vyslali svojich predstaviteľov do Lan-čou na študijný pobyt, aby sa poučili zo skúseností tohto mesta.

„Mnohé dobré recepty z Lan-čou je možné jednoducho implementovať aj do iných miest," povedal Ma Jianmin z Univerzity v Lan-čou.

„Napríklad online dáta z monitorovania sú nápomocné a kvalitné, ale v Lan-čou je bežnou praxou, aby zodpovedné osoby navštívili najväčších znečisťovateľov osobne a na vlastné oči videli, čo sa deje," dodal.

Vláda očakáva, že dni s kvalitným ovzduším budú predstavovať viac ako 80 percent všetkých dní vo všetkých prefektúrnych a väčších mestách od roku 2020. Je to samozrejme ambiciózny cieľ, ktorý mesto Lan-čou ešte nedosiahlo.

„Lan-čou má pred sebou ešte dlhú cestu ku splneniu svojho cieľa. Pokles miery znečistenia začal v oblastiach, ktoré sú najjednoduchšie z pohľadu kontroly. Teraz sa dostávame do sfér, ktoré sú oveľa zložitejšie adaptovateľné a naša práca je zo dňa na deň náročnejšia," povedal Chen Yimin, predstaviteľ kancelárie pre ochranu životného prostredia v Lan-čou.

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