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SEGÚN UNA NUEVA INVESTIGACIÓN, LA MALA CALIDAD DEL AIRE GENERA HOSPITALIZACIONES MÁS PROLONGADAS EN NIÑOS CON ASMA
  • USA - English

Montefiore

News provided by

Montefiore Health System

Jun 21, 2023, 10:28 ET

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Los hallazgos publicados en Journal of Asthma apuntan a que la contaminación del aire podría causar exacerbaciones más graves del asma en niños

NUEVA YORK, 21 de junio de 2023 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Según un nuevo estudio realizado por investigadores del Children's Hospital at Montefiore (CHAM) los niños con asma pasan más tiempo ingresados cuando hay en el aire más densidad de partículas PM 2.5, –minúsculos fragmentos de materia sólida y líquida– y ozono (O₃) –un gas incoloro–.  El estudio, recién publicado en Journal of Asthma llega días después de que la ciudad de Nueva York quedara envuelta en el humo de unos incendios forestales.

En el primer estudio de este tipo en niños, dirigido por la hospitalista pediátrica Elissa B. Gross, DO, MPH, los investigadores evaluaron los expedientes médicos de más de 1,700 niños de dos a 18 años ingresados en CHAM entre 2017 y 2019, y determinó que la duración promedio de la hospitalización aumentó hasta un 10 % por cada 10 microgramos de contaminantes por metro cúbico de aire: esto equivale a un ingreso mucho más prolongado, durante los periodos en que la calidad del aire era peor.

El asma es la causa principal de hospitalizaciones pediátricas en los Estados Unidos. En el Bronx, la prevalencia del asma en niños es del 17 %, en comparación con el 5.8 % a nivel nacional. Hay muchos factores que afectan a este trastorno, desde el estatus socioeconómico, a desencadenantes ambientales en hogares, como el moho y ciertas plagas, a la contaminación del aire que (a causa de las muchas carreteras que lo rodean) afecta de manera desproporcionada a los residentes del Bronx. El Bronx también sobrepasa los límites federales de calidad del aire más que cualquier otro condado.

Este análisis ha detectado que los niños con asma –cuyos pulmones en desarrollo son especialmente vulnerables a los contaminantes del aire– padecieron hospitalizaciones más prolongadas cuando el PM 2.5 en el aire era alto el día del ingreso hospitalario, y cuando el O₃ era elevado el día anterior a la hospitalización.

"Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los niños con asma pueden experimentar exacerbaciones más graves y permanecer hospitalizados por más tiempo cuando están expuestos a un nivel más alto de contaminantes en el aire," aseguró la Dra. Gross, que es, además profesora adjunta de Pediatría Clínica en el Albert Einstein College of Medicine. "Las hospitalizaciones son muy perjudiciales tanto para el niño como para sus familiares, así que sería beneficioso para todos que hubiera políticas ambientales más eficaces que ayuden a prevenir los altos niveles de contaminación y, por tanto, a reducir las exacerbaciones del asma y las enfermedades crónicas en los niños del Bronx."

Del Montefiore Health System
 
Montefiore Health System es uno de los principales sistemas de salud académicos de Nueva York y un líder reconocido en la prestación de atención médica personalizada de calidad excepcional, responsable de aproximadamente tres millones de personas en comunidades del Bronx, Westchester y Hudson Valley.  Consta de 10 hospitales, incluido el Children's Hospital at Montefiore, el Burke Rehabilitation Hospital y más de 200 centros de atención ambulatoria.  La investigación clínica y traslacional avanzada de su escuela de medicina, el Albert Einstein College of Medicine, recae directamente en la atención al paciente y mejora resultados.  Desde los Centros de Excelencia Montefiore-Einstein en Cáncer, Cardiología y Salud Vascular, Pediatría y trasplantes, hasta su destacado programa de salud escolar, Montefiore es un sistema de atención médica totalmente integrado que da servicios médicos integrales y coordinados tanto a los pacientes como a sus familias.  Si deseas más información, visita www.montefiore.org. Síguenos en Twitter e Instagram y LinkedIn, o visítanos en Facebook y YouTube.

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