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Soziale Isolation erhöht das Risiko für Herzinfarkte, Schlaganfälle und Tod aus allen Ursachen, so die Forschung auf dem virtuellen Kongress der Europäischen Akademie für Neurologie
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News provided by

European Academy of Neurology

May 21, 2020, 18:01 ET

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WIEN, 22. Mai 2020 /PRNewswire/ --  Neuen Untersuchungen zufolge haben sozial isolierte Menschen ein um mehr als 40 % höheres Risiko, einen kardiovaskulären Vorfall wie einen Herzinfarkt oder Schlaganfall zu erleiden als diejenigen, die sozial integriert sind.

Die deutsche Studie, die morgen auf dem virtuellen Kongress der Europäischen Akademie für Neurologie (EAN) vorgestellt werden soll, ergab, dass Menschen, die sozial isoliert sind, mit fast 50 % höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit an irgendeiner Ursache sterben.

Die im Rahmen der Heinz-Nixdorf-Recall-Studie (HNR) unter der Leitung von Dr. Janine Gronewold und Prof. Dirk M. Hermann vom Universitätsklinikum Essen durchgeführte Studie analysierte die Daten von 4.316 Personen, die zwischen 2000 und 2003 rekrutiert wurden.

Die Teilnehmer nahmen ohne bekannte Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankung an der Studie teil und wurden im Durchschnitt 13 Jahre lang verfolgt. Zu Beginn der Studie wurden Informationen über verschiedene Arten der sozialen Unterstützung gesammelt, wobei die soziale Integration anhand des Familienstands und des Zusammenlebens, des Kontakts zu engen Freunden und Verwandten sowie der Mitgliedschaft in politischen, religiösen, gemeinschaftlichen, sportlichen oder beruflichen Organisationen bewertet wurde.

„Wir wissen seit einiger Zeit, dass das Gefühl der Einsamkeit oder der fehlende Kontakt zu engen Freunden und Familie Auswirkungen auf die körperliche Gesundheit haben kann", kommentierte Dr. Gronewold. „Was uns diese Studie zeigt, ist, dass starke soziale Beziehungen für die Herzgesundheit von großer Bedeutung sind, ähnlich der Rolle klassischer Schutzfaktoren wie ein gesunder Blutdruck, akzeptable Cholesterinwerte und ein normales Gewicht."

Professor Jöckel, einer der PI des HNR, fügt hinzu: „Diese Beobachtung ist von besonderem Interesse in der gegenwärtigen Diskussion über die COVID-19-Pandemie, bei der die sozialen Kontakte in den meisten Gesellschaften erheblich eingeschränkt sind oder waren."

Während der Nachbeobachtung gab es 339 kardiovaskuläre Vorfälle. Unter den Studienteilnehmern gab es 530 Todesfälle. Nach Erkundung anderer Faktoren, die zu diesen Ereignissen und Todesfällen beigetragen haben könnten, wurde festgestellt, dass ein Mangel an sozialer Integration das zukünftige Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse um 44 % und das Risiko für Todesfälle aus allen Ursachen um 47 % erhöht. Ein Mangel an finanzieller Unterstützung war mit einem um 30 % erhöhten Risiko von kardiovaskulären Vorfällen verbunden.

„Dies ist offensichtlich ein besorgniserregendes Ergebnis, insbesondere in diesen Zeiten anhaltender sozialer Distanzierung", schloss Dr. Gronewold.

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