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Studie indexu MSI organizace IREX pro rok 2019 ukazuje, že média v Evropě a Eurasii čelí výzvě vyvíjejících se modelů příjmů
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Jun 06, 2019, 19:51 ET

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WASHINGTON, 7. června 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Nedostatečné příjmy z reklamy, konkurenční trhy a pokračující přesun reklamy z tradičních médií na platformy sociálních médií nadále představují výzvy pro udržitelnost eurasijských a evropských médií. Média v regionu v mnoha případech zvýšily svou závislost na vládních prostředcích. Celkové provozní prostředí také udrželo kulturu autocenzury, jak bylo zdůrazněno v Indexu udržitelnosti médiií pro rok 2019 organizace IREX, IREX's 2019 Media Sustainability Index (MSI) for Europe & Eurasia.

Index MSI ve svém posledním roce hodnotí stav médií prostřednictvím pěti složek, včetně právního prostředí pro svobodný projev, kvality žurnalistiky, plurality zpravodajských zdrojů, postupů správy médií a efektivity podpůrných institucí. Od doby vzniku indexu MSI v roce 2001 se však způsob, jakým se informace produkují, šíří, přijímají a používají, změnil. V reakci na to vyvinula organizace IREX novou metodiku, jejímž cílem je zachytit moderní éru, kdy jsou lidé současně producenty, distributory, spotřebiteli a aktéry informací. 

Studie ukazuje, že vyvíjející se reklamní modely přinutily média v celém regionu, aby hledaly různé zdroje příjmů. I když to vedlo k experimentování s crowdfundingem a paywallem v místech, jako je Rusko, způsobilo to také určitou závislost na státních financích. V Srbsku jeden panelista uvedl, že státní reklamní postupy jsou „jasným způsobem kontroly médií". Panelisté v Kazachstánu poznamenali, že některá média se snaží vyhnout vládnímu financování, aby zůstala redakčně nezávislá.

Reklama v sociálních a online médiích roste, což dále omezuje reklamní trh tradičních médií. Bulharský průzkum zjistil, že Facebook a Google pokrývají polovinu trhu online reklamy v zemi. Ukrajinští politici se zaměřují na spolehlivé zpravodajské stránky s bannerovými reklamami, které nakupují pomocí nástroje Google AdSense, což potenciálně vede čtenáře k domněnce, že si tyto reklamy vybraly agentury.

Vládní vlivy, tlak veřejnosti a strach z oficiálního trestu podporují autocenzuru v celém regionu. Kapitola na téma Arménie zdůraznila, že uživatelé sociálních médií verbálně zneužívají novináře a bloggery a vyzývají je, aby se vyhnuli podávání zpráv o určitých tématech a lidech. Vlastní cenzura ázerbájdžánských novinářů pramení ze strachu z pronásledování a dokonce i odnětí svobody.

Americká agentura pro mezinárodní rozvoj financuje Index MSI pro Evropu a Eurasii ve 21 zemích. Další informace o indexu MSI v jednotlivých zemích naleznete na webových stránkách www.irex.org/msi. Průzkum zkoumající a porovnávající trendy dat v čase, podle cílů MSI, regionů a jednotlivých zemí, naleznete zde: Media Sustainability Explorer.

Alex Cole, ředitel pro strategickou komunikaci, IREX
[email protected]

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