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UEG Week 2018: Neue Forschungsergebnisse zeigen Verbindung zwischen Morbus Crohn und dem "Schwarzen Tod"
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United European Gastroenterology

Oct 21, 2018, 19:01 ET

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WIEN, October 22, 2018 /PRNewswire/ --

Die Inzidenz von Morbus Crohn in Europa ist wahrscheinlich eine Folge davon, die Pest im Mittelalter überlebt zu haben. Darauf weisen Forschungsergebnisse hin, die heute auf der UEG Week präsentiert wurden.   

Forscher aus Paris (Frankreich) untersuchten historische Daten zur Intensität von Pestausbrüchen in Europa und dem Mittelmeerbecken zwischen 800 und 1850 vor Christus. Dabei fanden sie heraus, dass in der Allgemeinbevölkerung eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation zwischen der Intensität der Pestausbrüche und Morbus-Crohn-assoziierten Mutationen besteht. Dies könnte die heutige Prävalenz von Morbus Crohn in Europa erklären.

Morbus Crohn ist eine chronische, rezidivierende Erkrankung und zählt zusammen mit ulzerativer Colitis zu den entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (IBD). Die Forscher untersuchten das NOD2-Gen, das eine wichtige Rolle im körpereigenen Immunsystem spielt. Mutationen dieses Gens hängen mit der Entwicklung von Morbus Crohn zusammen. Es wurde nachgewiesen, dass NOD2-Mutationen die Widerstandskraft des Bakteriums, das die Pest verursacht, verbessern, und Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass die Prävalenz dieser Morbus-Crohn-assoziierten Mutationen mit der Intensität von Pestausbrüchen korrelieren.

Ungefähr drei Millionen Europäer leiden heute an IBD. Dies verursacht dem europäischen Gesundheitssystem jährlich Kosten in Höhe von 5,6 Milliarden Dollar. Die Ursachen von IBD sind noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärt. Forschungsergebnisse deuten jedoch darauf hin, dass sowohl genetische Faktoren als auch Umwelteinflüsse eine signifikante Rolle spielen. IBD kann das Risiko für kolorektalen Krebs erhöhen. Die Symptome können zwar in allen Altersgruppen auftreten, am häufigsten beginnt IBD jedoch in der Jugend und im frühen Erwachsenenalter.

Der "Schwarze Tod" war verantwortlich für den Tod von Millionen Europäern und hat zwischen 1347 und 1353 vermutlich 30-40 % der europäischen Bevölkerung das Leben gekostet.

Professor Jean-Pierre Hugot, Leiter der Forschungsgruppe erklärt: "Berücksichtigt man, wie schwer Morbus Crohn bei Nichtbehandlung verlaufen kann, ist es unwahrscheinlich, dass die Erkrankung vor dem 20. Jahrhundert häufig auftrat. Durch die Weiterentwicklung der Gesundheitssysteme und die Verbesserung der Behandlung von Patienten mit Morbus Crohn leben immer mehr Menschen mit dieser Erkrankung. Diese Forschungsarbeit trägt zur Erklärung des genetischen Ursprungs von Morbus Crohn bei und wir hoffen, dass wir dadurch die Erkrankung und ihre Behandlung in Zukunft besser verstehen."

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