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UEG-Woche 2025: Erste Studie an Menschen zeigt, dass Mikroplastik das Darmmikrobiom verändert
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News provided by

United European Gastroenterology

Oct 06, 2025, 18:01 ET

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BERLIN, 7. Oktober 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Neue Forschungsergebnisse, die heute auf der UEG Week 2025 vorgestellt wurden, zeigen, dass Mikroplastik - Plastikpartikel, die kleiner als 5 mm sind und häufig in der Umwelt vorkommen - das menschliche Darmmikrobiom verändern kann, wobei einige Veränderungen Mustern ähneln, die mit Depression und Darmkrebs in Verbindung gebracht werden.

Diese Studie, die im Rahmen von microONE, einem bahnbrechenden Projekt des COMET-Modulprogramms unter der Leitung des CBmed-Forschungszentrums in Zusammenarbeit mit internationalen Partnern, durchgeführt wurde, ist eine der ersten, die direkt untersucht, wie verschiedene Arten von Mikroplastik mit dem menschlichen Darmmikrobiom interagieren. Als Teil der umfassenderen Aufgabe von microONE, die Auswirkungen von Mikro- und Nanoplastikpartikeln im menschlichen Körper zu erforschen, bietet sie wichtige neue Erkenntnisse über mögliche gesundheitliche Auswirkungen und unterstreicht den dringenden Bedarf an weiteren Untersuchungen.

In der Studie wurden Stuhlproben von fünf gesunden Freiwilligen verwendet, um ex vivo Darmmikrobiom-Kulturen anzulegen. Diese Kulturen wurden dann fünf gängigen Mikroplastikarten - Polystyrol, Polypropylen, Polyethylen niedriger Dichte, Poly(methylmethacrylat) und Polyethylenterephthalat - in Konzentrationen ausgesetzt, die die geschätzte Exposition des Menschen widerspiegeln, sowie höheren Dosen, um mögliche dosisabhängige Auswirkungen zu untersuchen.

Während die Gesamtzahl und die Anzahl der lebensfähigen Bakterienzellen weitgehend unverändert blieb, zeigten die mit Mikroplastik behandelten Kulturen im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen einen konsistenten und signifikanten Anstieg des Säuregehalts (niedrigere pH-Werte), was auf eine veränderte mikrobielle Stoffwechselaktivität hinweist.

Weitere Analysen ergaben mikroplastikspezifische Verschiebungen in der bakteriellen Zusammensetzung, wobei bestimmte Bakteriengruppen je nach Art des Mikroplastiks zu- oder abnahmen. Die Veränderungen betrafen mehrere Bakterienfamilien, wobei die meisten innerhalb des Stammes Bacillota auftraten - einer Schlüsselgruppe von Darmbakterien, die für die Verdauung und die allgemeine Darmgesundheit wichtig sind.

Diese Verschiebungen in der bakteriellen Zusammensetzung gingen mit Veränderungen bei den von den Bakterien produzierten Chemikalien einher, von denen einige mit den beobachteten pH-Senkungen korrespondierten. Einige dieser Veränderungen spiegeln Muster wider, die zuvor mit Krankheiten wie Depressionen und Darmkrebs in Verbindung gebracht wurden, was die möglichen Auswirkungen der Mikroplastikbelastung auf das Krankheitsrisiko unterstreicht.

Der Hauptautor der Studie, Christian Pacher-Deutsch, kommentierte: "Diese Ergebnisse sind bedeutsam, wenn man bedenkt, wie weit verbreitet Mikroplastik im Alltag ist, da Mikroplastik in Fisch, Salz, Flaschenwasser und sogar im Leitungswasser vorkommt."

"Es ist zwar noch zu früh, um endgültige Aussagen über die Gesundheit zu treffen, aber das Mikrobiom spielt eine zentrale Rolle für viele Aspekte des Wohlbefindens, von der Verdauung bis zur geistigen Gesundheit. Es ist daher eine kluge und wichtige Vorsichtsmaßnahme, die Exposition gegenüber Mikroplastik so weit wie möglich zu reduzieren", schloss er.

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