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Vågner pga. nykturi


News provided by

Ferring Pharmaceuticals

Apr 19, 2010, 01:23 ET

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BARCELONA, Spanien, April 19, 2010 /PRNewswire/ --

- Studier fastslår, at der findes alvorlige risici forbundet med nykturi

Studieresultaterne som blev diskuteret i dag under konferencen for Den europaeiske urologi sammenslutning (EAU) i Barcelona fastslog, at der er en forbindelse mellem nykturi og en øget risiko for at falde samt dødelighed.

I et repraesentativt befolkningsstudie i Japan foretaget af Nakagawa et al, blev der konstateret at voksne som lider af nykturi (defineret som to eller flere vandladninger pr. nat) havde en betydelig større risiko for dødelighed sammenlignet med voksne uden nykturi, selv under hensyntagen til andre faktorer (f.eks alder, køn, fysiologiske tilstande).[1]

Derudover viste et befolkningsgruppebaseret forsøg foretaget af Parsons et al med 5.872 maend over 65 år, at blandt voksne med moderate eller alvorlige nedsatte urinvejssymptomer (LUTS) var risikoen for at falde mere end en gang betydeligt højere i forhold til de med svage symptomer på LUTS. Voksne som oplevede at skulle urinere 2-3 gange pr. nat havde en 21% højere risiko for at falde to eller flere gange mens voksne som oplevede at skulle urinere 4-5 gange pr. nat havde en 63% højere risiko. [2] Nykturi udgjorde en af de hyppigste årsager til fald blandt LUTS.

"Disse studier sammen med den nye forståelse viser med al tydelighed, at nykturi først og fremmest er en alvorlig sygdom der ikke skal affaerdiges blot som et spørgsmål om livsstil. Tiden er inde for laeger og offentligheden til at give nykturi den opmaerksomhed den har krav på", fortaeller Dr. Raymond Rosen fra New England Research Institutes, i USA.

Adskillige studier har påvist at praevalens af nykturi er høj med op til 20% af voksne i alderen 40-59 år som lider af sygdommen. [3,4,5] Dette stiger til ca. 35% for personer over 60 år.[3] Nykturi forstyrrer gang på gang søvnen og er forbundet med adskillige negative følgevirkninger indbefattet en betydelig reduktion i livskvalitet og øget sygelighed. [6] Søvnforstyrrelser forårsaget af nykturi påvirker ikke alene patienten og dennes pårørende men kan også påvirke samfundet på grund af nedsat produktivitet og forringet arbejdsevne.[7,8,9]

"Den nuvaerende mangel på forståelse og opmaerksomhed for nykturi, betyder at dette stadig stigende problem ofte forbliver udiagnosticeret eller bliver fejlbehandlet", udtaler professor Philip Van Kerrebroeck fra Maastrichts Universitetshospital i Holland.

"I mange tilfaelde tror man fejlagtigt at det skyldes et blaere eller prostataproblem når nykturi i virkeligheden skyldes et nyreproblem. Vi har brug for en dobbeltrettet indsats. Laegerne skal genkende tegnene og symptomerne på sygdommen og behandle den rigtigt men patienterne skal også vaere opmaerksomme på tegnene, således at de kan opsøge deres laege ligeså snart de har en mistanke. Det er vigtigt at patienterne forstår, at deres sygdom kan behandles og at der ikke er nogen grund til at de skal lide i stilhed."

Der kraeves yderligere studier for at kunne fastslå om hvorvidt den rigtige behandling af nykturi vil hjaelpe med at reducere sammenhaengen mellem sygdommen og andre kroniske lidelser.

I bestraebelser på at øge opmaerksomheden omkring nykturi som en selvstaendig sygdom er den for nyligt blevet inkluderet i de officielle EAU retningslinjer. Det nye kapitel om ikke nervemaessige nedsatte urinvejssymptomer (LUTS), indbefattet nykturi, inkluderer oplysninger om en raekke behandlingsmuligheder af LUTS bl.a. alpha-blockers og 5-alpha-reductase inhibitorer. Kapitlet fremhaever desuden desmopressins rolle som den eneste terapi der specifikt henvender sig til nykturi og natlige vandladninger og tildeler en 1. niveau karakter A anbefaling.[10]

Om studierne

Sammenhaeng mellem nykturi og dødelighed i en samfundsmaessig aeldre befolkningsgruppe på 70 år og derover: Resultater af et 3-årigt potentielt kohortestudie i Japan (Nakagawa et al)

Forfatterne foretog en omfattende spørgeundersøgelse blandt aeldre borgere på 70 år eller aeldre i 2003 i et bymaessigt område i det nordlige Japan. Den befolkningsbaserede tvaersnits-spørgeundersøgelse blev afviklet ved hjaelp af et omfattende sundhedsinterview med hver enkel deltager. Dødeligheden over 3 år blev undersøgt ved hjaelp af data fra det nationale sundhedsforsikringssystem. Forskelle i overlevelse blev stratificeret med tilstedevaerelse/fravaerelse af nykturi (hyppigere end eller lig med 2 vandladninger pr. nat) blev bedømt ved hjaelp af Kaplan-Meier kurver og statistisk signifikans blev beregnet med logrank-testen. Risikoen for dødelighed med eller uden nykturi blev sammenlignet ved hjaelp af en tids-varierende multivariabel Cox proportional risikoanalyse.

Nedsat urinvejssymptomer øger risikoen for fald hos aeldre maend (Parsons et al)

Forfatterne evaluerede 5.872 deltagere med osteoporosefrakturer hos maend, der er et kohortestudie af risikofaktorer for fald og osteoporosefrakturer blandt den mandlige befolkningsgruppe på 65 år eller aeldre. Det primaere resultat blev den 1-årige akkumuleret hyppighed i fald hos maend med moderat eller alvorlig LUTS, sammenlignet med udgangspunktet som angivet i American Urological Association Index. Der anvendtes Poissonfordeling og adskillige variabler som potenteille confoundere.

    
                                  2-3 vandladninger/nat 4-5 vandladninger/nat
    Relativ risiko for mindst et fald         11%                33%
                                            (RR 1,11,           (RR 1,33,
                                  95% CI, 1,01-1,22)   CI 1,15-1,53)

    Relativ risiko for mindst to fald         21%                63%
                                            (RR 1,21,           (RR 1,63,
                                         CI, 1,05-1,40)       CI, 1,31-2,02)

    Referencer

    [1] Nakagawa et al. J Urol 2009;181(Suppl):8

    [2] Parsons et al. BJU Int 2009;104:63-68

    [3] Irwin DE, Milsom I, Hunskaar S et al. Befolkningsbaseret
    spørgeundersøgelse om urininkontinens, overaktiv blaere m.m.
    nedsat urinvejssymptomer i fem lande: Resultater af
    et EPIC studie. Eur Urol 2006; 50:1306-1315

    [4] Yoshimura K, Terada N, Matsui Y, Terai A, Kinukawa N, Arai Y.
    Praevalens af og risikofaktorer for nykturia: En analyse af en
    helbredsundersøgelse. Int J Urol 2004;11: 282-287

    [5] Brieger GM, Yip SK, Hin LY, Chung TK. Praevalensen af
    urinvejsdysfunktion blandt kinesiske kvinder i Hong Kong. Obstet
    Gynecol 1996; 88: 1041-1044

    [6] Asplund R. Nocturia i forbindelse med søvn, somatiske lidelser og
    medicinsk behandling hos aeldre 5. BJU Int 2002; 90: 533-536

    [7] Bolge SC, Doan JF, Kannan H, Baran RW. Sammenkaedningen med
    søvnløshed og livskvalitet, arbejdsevne og aktivitet forringelse. Qual 
    Life Res 2009; 18: 415-422

    [8] Bolge SC, Balkrishnan R, Kannan H, Seal B, Drake CL. Burden
    i forbindelse med kronisk søvn vedligeholdelse søvnløshed er
    karaktiseret ved at vågne om natten blandt kvinder med overgangsalder
    symptomer. Overgangsalder 2010; 17: 80-86

    [9] Kobelt G. Sundheds-økonomiske problemer forbundet med nykturi. BJU
    Int 1999; 84 Suppl 1: 29-32

    [10] Retningslinjer for den europaeiske urologi sammenslutning - 2010
    udgave

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