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耶魯大學醫學院獲頒 2,770 萬美元獎助金,用於推動自閉症研究
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Jul 10, 2025, 07:31 ET

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康乃狄克州紐哈芬2025年7月10日 /美通社/ -- 耶魯大學醫學院 (YSM) 榮獲「影響自閉症的整合研究」計畫 (ARIA) 頒發的 2,770 萬美元獎助金,用於發展一項跨學科研究專案,旨在透過對自閉症類群障礙症 (ASD) 進行大規模腦部建模,探討非侵入性的功能性溝通方法。

「我們衷心感謝 ARIA 計畫的遠見及其對此變革性研究工作的慷慨支持。這項研究有望徹底改變我們治療患有嚴重神經發展障礙症兒童的方式。」耶魯大學醫學院 Jean and David W. Wallace 院長Nancy J. Brown 醫學博士表示,「這次合作再次證明,夥伴關係是驅動創新方案、改變生活的關鍵力量。」

這項跨學科研究專案由耶魯大學醫學院神經外科學系主任、Sterling 神經外科學教授,以及遺傳學與神經科學教授 Murat Günel 醫學博士領導,旨在利用最先進的技術和跨部門的專業知識,建立大型腦部模型,為發展個人化的迴路導向療法奠定基礎。

在美國,每 36 名兒童中就有 1 名受 ASD 影響,全球則為每 100 名中有 1 名。患者面臨諸多挑戰,包括語言和社交溝通障礙、重複性行為及感覺處理問題。自閉症常伴隨癲癇、情緒問題和睡眠障礙。由於症狀的多樣性及大腦參與的複雜性,治療與自閉症相關的共病特徵尤其困難。目前的治療方法主要透過行為治療、藥物和教育支持來管理症狀,但在更有效、更個人化的治療方案方面,仍有巨大的需求缺口。

開創性新療法
耶魯大學旨在透過識別導致關鍵 ASD 相關共病特徵的腦部迴路,並以非侵入性方式即時調整這些迴路,以造福自閉症患者,從而彌補這一治療缺口。研究初期將專注於尋找新方法,以建立或改善口語及非口語溝通能力,以及處理睡眠障礙和焦慮等共病狀況。藉由理解導致這些共病問題的神經迴路,耶魯大學的目標是開發非侵入性的神經調控技術來恢復患者的功能。

本專案的一大優勢在於整合了三個不同研究群的數據:ASD 個案、頑固型癲癇患者,以及天使症候群 (Angelman Syndrome) 患者。天使症候群是一種由單一基因突變引起的疾病,特徵包括嚴重語言及言語障礙、睡眠失調和焦慮。 該研究將採用專為多中心自閉症研究開發的非侵入性臨床與行為評估方法,並結合先進的神經與影像技術,同步收集數據。其中,納入癲癇患者群體是一大優勢。耶魯神經外科團隊可憑藉其專業,在癲癇監測治療期間取得顱內活動記錄。這些記錄有助於對迴路層面的功能進行詳細檢視,讓我們能以其他方式無法實現的深度來增進對自閉症的理解。

Günel 解釋說:「我們的願景是將我們對腦部迴路的理解,轉化為能夠恢復神經功能的實用療法。這種整合性的方法不僅將改善自閉症患者的治療結果,也將為解決其他神經發展障礙症奠定基礎。」

大數據、數位分身與人工智慧
此研究計畫的核心是利用數學和電腦演算法來解碼複雜的神經訊號,並創建大型腦部模型。透過整合來自影像、顱內腦電圖 (EEG) 記錄及其他來源的患者數據,這些模型將成為患者大腦的虛擬複製品。研究人員可利用這些模型來精確定位神經介入的靶點。透過患者數據的持續更新,此綜合模擬系統將提供深度洞察,並有助於個體及群體間的比較分析,提升治療的精確性。

Günel 解釋道:「運用先進的人工智慧和機器學習技術,我們可以創建個人化的腦部模型來模擬潛在的治療方法,從而在臨床應用前優化我們的治療方案」。

跨學科融合
該專案匯集了來自耶魯大學多個學系、學院和中心的 30 多位成員,包括神經外科、神經內科、精神醫學、心理學、工程學、統計與數據科學、應用數學、法律及數位倫理等領域。這項協同合作確保了自閉症的每一個面向——從神經迴路到行為表現再到倫理問題——都能透過多重角度進行檢視。

以兒童發展與神經發展障礙症研究聞名的耶魯兒童研究中心,將在研究中扮演臨床照護的核心角色。先進影像技術則由耶魯生物醫學影像研究所及吳蔡研究所支援,以進行精準的腦部結構與功能測繪。工程與應用科學學院在計算建模和人工智慧方面的專業,將支援計畫中的大型腦部建模工作。最後,Günel 指出,本計畫的關鍵要素是與耶魯紐哈芬健康系統的密切合作,這確保了臨床轉譯專案具備必要的基礎設施和支持,促進研究成果能無縫整合至臨床實踐中。

Brown 強調耶魯合作精神的重要內涵:「我們集結了整個大學的頂尖人才與資源,並攜手耶魯紐哈芬健康系統,讓研究成果能真正幫助到病人。我們正是在運用跨領域研究的力量,去達成單一學科無法企及的重大突破」。

影響自閉症的整合研究
ARIA 是一項科學倡議,旨在透過整合、協作與前沿研究,加速對自閉症及相關神經發展狀況的理解與治療。ARIA 連結不同科學領域的新興研究、洞見與潛力技術,為重度自閉症患者以及其他尋求額外支持的自閉症譜系人士創造更多治療機會。ARIA 重點領域包括建立臨床試驗與轉譯研究網絡,以快速開發和測試新療法、資助前沿科學,並促進數據共享。ARIA 由 Coalition for Aligning Science 的執行總監 Ekemini Riley 博士,以及代表 Sergey Brin 家族基金會的加州大學舊金山分校科學總監 Matthew State 博士共同領導。

關於耶魯大學醫學院
耶魯大學醫學院為醫學和科學領域培育出領導者,培養好奇心和批判性的探索精神。耶魯大學醫學院是生物醫學研究,臨床護理和醫學教育的全球領導者。耶魯大學醫學院擁有超過 1,700 名醫生,為世界各地的患者提供慈悲周到的護理。耶魯醫學教育系統強調批判性思維和獨立研究,培育學術醫學領域的領導者。

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