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ACTREC-Forscher zeigen, dass Krebsbehandlungen die Ausbreitung fördern können
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ACTREC

Mar 28, 2024, 03:00 ET

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Standard-Krebsbehandlungen können die Metastasierung durch die Freisetzung von DNA- und proteinhaltigen Partikeln aus absterbenden Tumorzellen fördern, so eine neue Studie

MUMBAI, Indien, 28. März 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Krebs breitet sich von seinem Primärtumor über das Blut oder das Lymphsystem in andere Teile des Körpers aus, was als Metastasierung" bezeichnet wird. Dies stellt in der Regel ein fortgeschrittenes Stadium im Krankheitsverlauf dar und verläuft in der Regel tödlich. Daher bleibt die Verhinderung der Metastasierung ein wichtiges Ziel in der Onkologie.

In diesem Zusammenhang hat Prof. Indraneel Mittra vom Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) in Indien die Ursachen der Metastasierung erforscht.

Continue Reading
Circulating cell-free chromatin particles from dying cancer cells may promote metastasis. Source: Original content
Circulating cell-free chromatin particles from dying cancer cells may promote metastasis. Source: Original content

Die Gruppe von Prof. Mittra konzentriert sich auf zellfreie Chromatinpartikel (cfChPs) - kleine Strukturen, die aus DNA-Fragmenten und spezialisierten Proteinen, den Histonen, bestehen und beim Absterben von Zellen freigesetzt werden. Sie haben herausgefunden, dass diese Partikel, wenn sie von absterbenden Krebszellen freigesetzt und von weit entfernten gesunden Zellen wieder aufgenommen werden, für die Bildung neuer Tumore von grundlegender Bedeutung sein könnten.

Ihre Ergebnisse, die in PLOS One veröffentlicht wurden, resultieren aus Experimenten an Mäusen, denen menschliche Brustkrebszellen (Xenografts) eingepflanzt wurden, um Krebs zu erzeugen. Die Forscher behandelten die Primärtumore dieser Mäuse mit Chemotherapie, lokaler Strahlentherapie oder chirurgischen Eingriffen und suchten dann nach menschlicher DNA und menschlichen Proteinen im Gehirn der Mäuse. „Mit Hilfe von Fluoreszenzmikroskopie-Techniken konnten wir in Gehirnzellen von Mäusen mehrere ko-lokalisierte Signale von menschlicher DNA und acht menschlichen Onko-Proteinen nachweisen. Bemerkenswert ist, dass die Anzahl der Signale nach jeder der drei Behandlungsarten dramatisch anstieg", bemerkt Prof. Mittra.

Die Forscher testeten dann, ob die Blockierung der Wirkung der cfChPs die Ergebnisse verändern würde. Wie erwartet, sank die Konzentration von menschlicher DNA und Onkoproteinen in den Gehirnzellen der Mäuse signifikant bei Mäusen, die mit einem cfChP-deaktivierenden Mittel behandelt wurden.

Diese Studie hat wichtige Auswirkungen auf die Neugestaltung der Krebsbiologie und -behandlung. Prof. Mittra schließt daraus: „Künftige Langzeitexperimente sollten untersuchen, ob cfChP-deaktivierende Wirkstoffe, die gleichzeitig mit Krebsbehandlungen verabreicht werden, dazu beitragen könnten, die Ausbreitung von Metastasen zu verhindern. Wenn diese Mittel als Ergänzung zur Krebsbehandlung eingesetzt werden, hätten sie den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass sie einige der toxischen Nebenwirkungen von Chemo- und Strahlentherapie verhindern."

Referenz  
Titel: Therapeutic interventions on human breast cancer xenografts promote systemic dissemination of oncogenes
Journal: PLOS One
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298042 

Pressekontakt: 
Dr. Indraneel Mittra
Advance Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre (ACTREC)
Telefon: +91 (022) 2740 5000/ 6873 5000 Extn-5136
E-Mail: [email protected] 
Website: http://www.actrec.gov.in/pi-webpages/DrIndraneelMittra/ 

Foto: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2371768/Circulating_cell_free_chromatin.jpg

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