Artificial Intelligence May Lead to Better Outcomes After Joint Surgery

NEW YORK, May 16, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Artificial intelligence may help orthopedic surgeons better predict which patients will do well after joint replacement procedures and which are less likely to experience benefits.

In a new study, researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in New York City show that machine-learning algorithms can predict with reasonable accuracy which patients undergoing total knee or total hip replacement will report a minimally clinically important difference (MCID) in symptoms two years after the operation. "Machine learning has the potential to improve clinical decision-making and patient care by helping prioritize resources for postsurgical monitoring and informing presurgical discussions of likely outcomes" after total joint replacement, they reported in the June 2019 issue of Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.

"The least valuable health care is that which is not wanted or needed," said Catherine MacLean, MD, PhD, HSS Chief Value Medical Officer and senior author of the study. "Accurate prediction of whether individual patients will achieve a meaningful improvement after a procedure will greatly assist patients and their physicians in determining the best course of therapy – and in avoiding those that are unlikely to work."

Mark Fontana, PhD, Senior Director of Data Science at HSS and lead author of the new study, said this application of machine learning fits with the hospital's dedication to patient-centered medicine. "We have an interest in understanding patient-reported outcomes; you can think of them as another vital sign. Pain and function are subjective, so asking patients themselves how they're doing is necessary. For patients considering surgery, perhaps even more important, is understanding whether surgery is likely to improve their pain and function and get them back to the activities they love most – which is always our overarching goal at HSS," Fontana said.

For the study, Fontana and his colleagues used data from 7,239 hip and 6,480 knee replacement cases at HSS conducted between 2007 and 2012. Using data about both physical and mental status of patients before and two years after the procedures, the investigators were able to calculate whether a patient achieved an MCID across four patient reported outcome measure (PROM) scores: one for general physical health score, one for general mental health, one for hip health, and one for knee health.

The goal of the study was to construct models that could accurately predict which patients were likely to experience meaningful gains in the various PROMs after surgery, taking into account a host of variables, including a person's demographics (e.g., age, body mass index, where they lived), medical history (e.g., whether they had a previous joint surgery), and type of insurance.

"We're predicting whether the improvement between the baseline and two-year score is big enough to be meaningful," Fontana said.

In follow-up work, HSS investigators are creating printed and digital decision aids that surgeons can use to quickly ascertain the likelihood a patient would achieve an MCID based on their particular characteristics.

"In the future, surgeons will be able to say, 'This is your baseline score, these are your other characteristics. An improvement of X points is one that patients think is meaningful, and we think the likelihood of you achieving that is Y percent,'" he said. "It's that percentage that you can imagine being especially helpful to someone considering surgery."

In addition to the article, the journal published a question-and-answer interview with Drs. MacLean and Fontana, as well as an editorial about the paper.

About HSS | Hospital for Special Surgery

HSS is the world's leading academic medical center focused on musculoskeletal health. At its core is Hospital for Special Surgery, nationally ranked No. 1 in orthopedics (for the ninth consecutive year) and No. 3 in rheumatology by U.S. News & World Report (2018-2019). Founded in 1863, the Hospital has one of the lowest infection rates in the country and was the first in New York State to receive Magnet Recognition for Excellence in Nursing Service from the American Nurses Credentialing Center four consecutive times. The global standard total knee replacement was developed at HSS in 1969. An affiliate of Weill Cornell Medical College, HSS has a main campus in New York City and facilities in New Jersey, Connecticut and in the Long Island and Westchester County regions of New York State. In addition, HSS will be opening a new facility in Florida in late 2019. In 2018, HSS provided care to 139,000 patients and performed more than 32,000 surgical procedures, and people from all 50 U.S. states and 80 countries travelled to receive care at HSS. In addition to patient care, HSS leads the field in research, innovation and education. The HSS Research Institute comprises 20 laboratories and 300 staff members focused on leading the advancement of musculoskeletal health through prevention of degeneration, tissue repair and tissue regeneration. The HSS Global Innovation Institute was formed in 2016 to realize the potential of new drugs, therapeutics and devices. The HSS Education Institute is the world's leading provider of education on musculoskeletal health, with its online learning platform offering more than 600 courses to more than 21,000 medical professional members worldwide. Through HSS Global Ventures, the institution is collaborating with medical centers and other organizations to advance the quality and value of musculoskeletal care and to make world-class HSS care more widely accessible nationally and internationally.

SOURCE Hospital for Special Surgery

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