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Cómo los esfuerzos de desinformación del Kremlin han reconfigurado el panorama mediático
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Sep 13, 2023, 07:57 ET

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    - VIBE 2023: Cómo los esfuerzos de desinformación del Kremlin han reconfigurado el panorama mediático en Europa, Eurasia y Asia Central

WASHINGTON, 13 de septiembre de 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- La invasión a gran escala de Ucrania ha tenido un impacto significativo en los medios de comunicación y los sectores de la información en países de toda Europa, Eurasia y Asia Central, como se destaca en el Barómetro de la Información Vibrante 2023 de IREX para Europa y Eurasia (VIBE).

A través de paneles de expertos nacionales celebrados en 18 países, VIBE evalúa el dinamismo de los sistemas de información de los países en la era digital y examina explícitamente conceptos más recientes, como la alfabetización mediática y las burbujas de información, junto con la calidad de la información en el sector de los medios de comunicación y la información. 

La edición de 2023 de VIBE muestra que la mayoría de los países de las tres regiones experimentaron un aumento de los esfuerzos propagandísticos y las campañas de desinformación que los expertos de VIBE atribuyen directamente al Kremlin y a sus representantes en Rusia. En Ucrania, un informe de noviembre de 2022 de la organización local de periodismo de datos Texty identificó 120 canales de Telegram creados por actores de la información vinculados al Kremlin en las primeras semanas de la invasión a gran escala, afirmando que al menos la mitad surgieron de un esfuerzo coordinado y fueron gestionados desde la misma ubicación. Estos canales copiaban noticias locales para atraer suscriptores, con el objetivo principal de difundir la retórica del Gobierno de Rusia y simular el apoyo ucraniano a las fuerzas rusas de ocupación. En otro ejemplo, aunque Georgia ha experimentado durante mucho tiempo narrativas motivadas por el Kremlin, el panel VIBE destacó el impacto destructivo de la emisora nacional Alt-Info, de extrema derecha y afiliada al Gobierno de Rusia, cuya cobertura ha intentado activamente presentar al gobierno ucraniano como un régimen títere de Occidente, fomentar el escepticismo anti-OTAN como herramienta para distanciar a Georgia de Occidente y exacerbar los temores populares sobre la pérdida de los territorios ocupados de Georgia de Abjasia y Osetia del Sur.

El panel de Kirguistán observó que muchas personas se hacen eco de la propaganda pro-Kremlin que ven en programas de televisión procedentes de Rusia. Además, los ciudadanos de Kirguistán tienen familiares o amigos que trabajan en Rusia y que distribuyen activamente podcasts de vídeo y audio de las redes sociales rusas a través de aplicaciones de mensajería instantánea. Este fenómeno establece activamente un sistema de múltiples capas de propaganda del Kremlin y ayuda a explicar cómo sigue proliferando la desinformación en Kirguistán.

En Europa, el panel de Bosnia-Herzegovina calificó a la embajada rusa de líder en la difusión de desinformación y propaganda, como la de los biolaboratorios que fabrican armas con ADN ruso, difundida además por los medios de comunicación. La influencia del Gobierno de Rusia también ha contribuido a la polarización de la información sobre la guerra en todo el país. Los medios de comunicación de la federación, por ejemplo, la describen como una invasión de un estado soberano, mientras que los de la República Srpska, alineada con el Gobierno de Rusia, han adoptado el término "operación militar especial", preferido por Rusia".

VIBE es posible gracias al apoyo del pueblo estadounidense a través de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID). Visite nuestro sitio web para consultar los informes de los países y el Explorador VIBE para examinar y comparar las tendencias de los datos, los principios VIBE, las regiones y cada uno de los países.

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