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Conferencia sobre inversión mundial de WAIPA: evidentes cambios en el poder económico


News provided by

The World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA)

Sep 13, 2011, 11:11 ET

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GINEBRA, September 13, 2011 /PRNewswire/ --

La crisis y el alarmante desempleo de la juventud en muchos países lo describen perfectamente: atraer la inversión directa extranjera (FDI) es una de las principales tareas que cada país afronta, porque dichas inversiones cubren las necesidades acuciantes de generar empleo, saber-hacer y crecimiento.

Los ministros y representantes de los 156 países miembro de las World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies, WAIPA, han analizado este reto durante su Conferencia sobre inversión mundial (WIC), en Ginebra, esta semana. Alessandro Teixeira, director general de WAIPA y ministro de Desarrollo, Industria, y Comercio Extranjero de Brasil, señaló: «Nuestra conferencia ha sido una ocasión clave para analizar los asuntos como los cambios impuestos por al crisis financiera, las oportunidades permitidas por los cambios en el poder económico global y la no correspondencia entre los objetivos de los inversores y las necesidades de las naciones».   

Estados Unidos aún está atrayendo la principal parte de las inversiones directas extranjeras, pero su cuota cayó de un 33% en la década de los ochenta a una media del 15% en 2000. Desde 2006, la cuota del Reino Unido cayó del 10,7% al 3,7% y Francia (-2,2%) está también perdiendo terreno. Por el contrario, China permaneció bastante estable desde la década de los ochenta a 2000 (con una cuota de aproximadamente el 6,5%) pero ahora está progresando al 8,5%. Desde 2006 otras nuevas economías se han movido rápido y alcanzado a los 10 principales países: Hong Kong está llegando al 5,5%, Rusia al 3,3%, Singapur al 3,1% y Brasil pasó del 1,3% al 3,9%.

Por parte de los países que invierten en el extranjero, las tendencias son similares, pero menos pronunciadas. Desde 2006 a 2010, Estados Unidos ha progresado del 16 al 24,9%, China del 1,5 al 5,1%, Hong Kong del 3,2% al 5,7% y Rusia del 1,6 al 3,9%. Pero el resto de países maduros de los diez principales - Alemania, Francia, Suiza, Japón, Canadá y Bélgica - están ligeramente perdiendo terreno (pero no más del 1,5%).

Las inversiones directas extranjeras globales se han reducido de 1,97 billones de dólares estadounidenses en 2007 a 1,19 billones de dólares en 2009. Las predicciones para 2012 son optimistas (1,46 billones) y se espera volver al nivel registrado de 2007 para 2014. Pero la mayoría de participantes en la Conferencia WAIPA acordaron que la crisis limitará de nuevo las inversiones en el extranjero de los países maduros. De hecho, excepto para Japón, esta crisis es regional, limitada al mundo occidental. Europa está ahora esperando claramente hacer las cosas mejor  gracias al crecimiento de los BRICs y otros países de rápida emergencia. Pero los europeos han sido alertados de que otros nuevos y hambrientos competidores están apareciendo, principalmente en el sureste asiático, donde se generó un tremendo crecimiento por su capacidad de integración regional.

Las Investment Promotion Agencies deberían impulsar dichas inversiones y comercio regionales, porque ahí es donde está el dinamismo. Tienen que mostrar oportunidades para los gobiernos y demostrar qué capacidades productivas tienen que adaptarse a las nuevas actividades económicas. Tienen que identificar alternativas y soluciones.

Las Investment Promotion Agencies pueden ayudar firmemente a los gobiernos a determinar su visión y planes. Pero su papel debe ser más reconocido por los gobiernos. Todos los gobiernos tienen un ministro de comercio y la Organización Mundial del Comercio es muy influyente, pero tristemente, no para las inversiones directas.

Uno de los riesgos de las agencias de promoción es tratar de estar a la moda o crear tendencia. Hay muchas cosas que deben hacerse que no son tendencia. Los expertos recomiendan adaptar las capacidades de producción a nuevos fines en lugar de entrar en un sector desconocido. Green technologies and energies are now a crucial stake for all countries. Pero si las expectativas son grandes, las indicaciones de cómo llegar a eso siguen estando a menudo no definidas y las agencias tienen que dejar eso más claro para el mundo de la política.  

Contacto: Claude-Olivier Rochat o Philippe Dunant, Rochat & Partners, +41(0)22-786-54-55

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