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EHA25Virtual: Eine kombinierte Bestrahlung und Chemotherapie bereitet Kinder besser auf eine Stammzelltransplantation vor als eine Chemotherapie allein
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EHA Logo (PRNewsfoto/European Hematology Association)

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European Hematology Association (EHA)

Jun 12, 2020, 03:32 ET

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DEN HAAG, Niederlande, 12. Juni 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Die Behandlung von Krebs im Kindesalter ist eine Erfolgsgeschichte, insbesondere bei akuter lymphoblastischer Leukämie (ALL). Mehr als 90 % der ALL-Patienten unter 18 Jahren werden mit einer modernen Chemotherapie gerettet. Die restlichen 10 % haben jedoch eine resistente oder wiederkehrende Leukämie und benötigen alternative Behandlungsmethoden. Eine der wirksamsten Leukämie-Therapien ist die Transplantation hämatopoetischer Stammzellen von einem Spender (allogene HSZT). Ungefähr 50 bis 80 % der pädiatrischen ALL-Patienten, die eine allogene HSZT erhalten, werden geheilt, 20 % erleiden ein leukämisches Rezidiv (Rückfall) und 10 % sterben an Komplikationen.

Die allogene HSZT ist ein mehrstufiges Verfahren:

  1. Identifizieren eines geeigneten Spenders, d. h. ein kompatibles Geschwisterkind oder eine nicht verwandte Person
  2. Reduzieren der Leukämie des Patienten mit Chemotherapie, Antikörpern oder genetisch veränderten Zellen des Patienten („CAR-T-Zellen") auf ein nicht nachweisbares Niveau
  3. Entnehmen eines Spendertransplantats durch Entnahme von Knochenmark, peripheren Blutstammzellen oder Nabelschnurblut
  4. Vorbereiten des Patienten auf die Transplantation („Konditionierung")
  5. Durchführen der Stammzellentransplantation

Bei Hochrisiko-Leukämie ist das Goldstandard-Konditionierungsverfahren eine Kombination aus Ganzkörperbestrahlung (TBI) und Hochdosis-Chemotherapie. Dieser Ansatz ist bei der Kontrolle von Leukämie im Konditionierungsschritt sehr wirksam. Dieser Eingriff hat jedoch möglicherweise im späteren Leben sehr negative Folgen für die Patienten: Sterilität, Wachstumsverzögerung, Lungenprobleme und sekundärer Krebs.

Daher initiierte ein großes Konsortium von pädiatrischen Transplantationsexperten eine globale Studie, um zu untersuchen, ob eine auf Chemotherapie basierende Konditionierung TBI ersetzen könnte. Diese FORUM-Studie (For Omitting Radiation Under Majority Age) musste jedoch abgebrochen werden, weil die auf Chemotherapie basierende Konditionierung signifikant schlechtere Ergebnisse (d. h. niedrigere Gesamtüberlebensraten) als die Kombination von TBI und Chemotherapie hatte. Die Forscher werden nun ein prospektives Monitoring durchführen, um die Vorteile und Grenzen der verschiedenen Konditionierungsansätze besser zu definieren.

Referentin: Dr. Christina Peters
Beschäftigt bei: Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Wien, Österreich
Abstract: #S102  TBI ODER AUF CHEMOTHERAPIE BASIERENDE KONDITIONIERUNG FÜR KINDER UND JUGENDLICHE MIT ALL: EINE PROSPEKTIVE RANDOMISIERTE MULTIZENTRISCHE STUDIE MIT DER BEZEICHNUNG „FORUM" IM AUFTRAG VON AIEOP-BFM-ALL-SG, IBFM-SG, INTREALL-SG UND EBMT-PD-WP

Sperrfrist: Bitte beachten Sie, dass unsere Sperrfrist-Richtlinie für alle ausgewählten Abstracts in den Pressebriefings gilt. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier.

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