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Irradiación y quimioterapia combinadas, mejor opción para el trasplante de células madre en niños
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EHA Logo (PRNewsfoto/European Hematology Association)

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European Hematology Association (EHA)

Jun 12, 2020, 02:30 ET

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- EHA25Virtual:La combinación de irradiación y quimioterapia prepara mejor a los niños para el trasplante de células madre que solo la quimioterapia  

LA HAYA, Países Bajos, 12 de junio de 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- El tratamiento del cáncer infantil es una historia de éxito, particularmente para la leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA). Más del 90% de TODOS los pacientes menores de 18 años son rescatados con quimioterapia contemporánea.  Sin embargo, el 10% restante tiene leucemia resistente o recurrente y necesita regímenes de tratamiento alternativos. Una de las terapias de leucemia más potentes es el trasplante de células madre hematopoiéticas de un donante  (HSCT alogenéico). Aproximadamente entre el 50 y el 80% de TODOS los pacientes pediátricos que reciben HSCT alogenéico son curados, el 20% experimenta reaparición leucémica (recaída) y el 10% fallece por complicaciones.  

El HSCT alogenéico es un procedimiento que consta de varios pasos:

  1. Identificar un donante adecuado, es decir un hermano compatible o persona fuera de la familia.
  2. Reducir la leucemia del paciente a un nivel indetectable con quimioterapia, anticuerpos o células genéticamente modificadas del paciente ("células CAR-T ").
  3. Recoger un injerto del donante cultivando médula ósea, células madre sanguíneas periféricas o sangre del cordón umbilical.
  4. Preparar al paciente para el trasplante ("acondicionamiento").
  5. Realizar un trasplante de células madre.

Para la leucemia de alto riesgo, el procedimiento de acondicionamiento de estándar gold es una combinación de irradiación corporal total (TBI) y quimioterapia de alta dosis. Este enfoque es muy efectivo para controlar la leucemia en el paso de acondicionamiento, pero los pacientes pueden experimentar consecuencias altamente negativas de este procedimiento más adelante, retraso de crecimiento, problemas pulmonares y cáncer secundario.

Por tanto, un gran consorcio de expertos en trasplantes pediátricos iniciaron un estudio global para investigar si el acondicionamiento basado en quimioterapia podría sustituir el TBI. El estudio se llama  FORUM (For Omitting Radiation Under Majority Age) y tuvo que detenerse porque el acondicionamiento basado en quimioterapia producía resultados mucho más pobres (por ejemplo, menor índice de supervivencia general) que la combinación de TBI y quimioterapia. Los investigadores realizarán un control prospectivo para definir mejor las ventajas y limitaciones de varios enfoques de acondicionamiento. 

Ponente: Dra. Christina Peters
Afiliación: Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Viena, Austria
Abstract: #S102  TBI OR CHEMOTHERAPY BASED CONDITIONING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ALL: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED MULTICENTER-STUDY "FORUM" ON BEHALF OF THE AIEOP-BFM-ALL-SG, IBFM-SG, INTREALL-SG AND EBMT-PD-WP (ACONDICIONAMIENTO TBI O QUIMIOTERAPIA PARA NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON TODOS; ESTUDIO FORUM PROSPECTIVO, ALEATORIO, MULTICENTRO EN NOMBRE DE AIEOP-BFM-ALL-SG, IBFM-SG, INTREALL-SG Y EBMT-PD-WP)

Embargo: Tenga en cuenta que nuestra política de embargo se aplica a todos los resúmenes seleccionados en las Sesiones Informativas de Prensa. Para obtener más información, haga clic aquí.

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