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Einzelhandelsexperte warnt vor einer "Wiederholung der Walmart-Katastrophe" beim Übernahmekampf um die deutsche Warenhauskette Kaufhof


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Department of Retailing & Distribution, Hochschule (University of Applied Sciences) Bonn-Rhein-Sieg

May 28, 2015, 11:31 ET

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BONN, Deutschland, May 28, 2015 /PRNewswire/ --

Beim drohenden Übernahmekampf um die angeschlagene deutsche Warenhauskette Kaufhof besteht die Gefahr einer "Wiederholung der Walmart-Katastrophe", sollte die Warenhauskette in ausländischen Besitz geraten. Davor warnte ein führender Einzelhandelsexperte.

Professor Thomas Roeb von der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg bezog sich dabei auf den fehlgeschlagenen Versuch von Walmart, sich im deutschen Einzelhandel zu etablieren. Der US-Gigant kaufte sich 1997 auf dem deutschen Markt ein, es gelang ihm jedoch nicht, sein Know-how an die neu erworbene Tochtergesellschaft weiterzugeben. Der neun Jahre andauernde Versuch, die Geschäfte in Deutschland neu zu strukturieren, führte Schätzungen zufolge zu Verlusten in Höhe von 2,9 Milliarden Euro und zwang Walmart, sich aus diesem Markt zurückzuziehen.

"Angesichts des Niedergangs des Warenhausmodells ist Kaufhof eine Hochrisikoinvestition für jeden Interessenten", sagte Professor Roeb am Donnerstag.

"Die Geschichte lehrt uns jedoch, dass es für ausländische Unternehmen, die bereits in der Vergangenheit Schwierigkeiten hatten, die deutschen Verbraucher und die Einzelheiten des deutschen Marktes zu verstehen, besonders schwierig ist", fügte er hinzu und verwies neben Walmart auf den Misserfolg des britischen Unternehmens Marks and Spencer, das 2001 seine letzte Niederlassung in Deutschland schließen musste. Zuvor hatte es fünf Jahre lang versucht, in Deutschland ein überlebensfähiges Geschäft aufzubauen.

Der Kampf um Kaufhof wird vermutlich zwischen dem österreichischen Immobilien- und Einzelhandelsunternehmen Signa, dem Eigentümer der konkurrierenden deutschen Warenhauskette Karstadt, der 2,9 Milliarden Euro (3,2 Milliarden US-Dollar) geboten hat, und dem kanadischen Unternehmen Hudson's Bay entschieden, das vermutlich in Kürze ein Gegenangebot machen wird. Signa möchte die beiden Ketten in einer deutschen Warenhausgruppe mit dem Namen Deutsche Warenhaus AG zusammenfassen.

Professor Roeb, der seit 20 Jahren als Professor und Berater im und für den deutschen Einzelhandel arbeitet, sagte, auch wenn es Signa sicher schwerfallen dürfte, Kaufhof zu retten, wiesen vergangene Erfahrungen darauf hin, dass Hudson's Bay eine noch schwierigere Prüfung bevorstehen könnte.

"Der Einzelhandel ist weltweit schwierig, aber in Deutschland üben Spezialisten mit aggressiver Preisgestaltung seit den 1970er Jahren extremen Druck auf die Generalisten aus", sagte er.

"Sie können nicht einfach in einen ausländischen Markt wie diesen eintreten und erwarten, dort Erfolg zu haben, und ich denke, unter der Leitung von Hudson's Bay läuft Kaufhof Gefahr, zu Walmart 2.0 zu werden."

In den letzten zehn Jahren hatten die Warenhäuser in Deutschland sehr unter kleineren Fachhändlern, vor allem für Bekleidung, zu leiden. Modefachgeschäfte wie H&M aus Schweden oder, in jüngster Zeit, Primark aus Irland, konnten auf ihre Kosten profitieren.

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