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El tratamiento con frío no parece proteger a los bebés prematuros de la discapacidad o la muerte causada por la pérdida de oxígeno, según un estudio financiado por los NIH
  • USA - English


News provided by

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health

Feb 26, 2025, 09:30 ET

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BETHESDA, Maryland, 26 de febrero de 2025 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ --

QUÉ:

La reducción de la temperatura corporal de los bebés prematuros (nacidos a las 33 a 35 semanas de embarazo) con encefalopatía isquémica hipóxica (HIE), un tipo de daño cerebral causado por la pérdida de oxígeno, no ofrece beneficios sobre la atención estándar, según un estudio financiado por los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (NIH). Estudios previos de bebés a corto plazo y a término (nacidos después de 36 semanas) con HIE encontraron que este tratamiento de enfriamiento, que reduce la temperatura corporal a aproximadamente 92 grados Fahrenheit, redujo significativamente el riesgo de muerte o discapacidad a los 18 meses de edad (corregido por prematuridad). Sin embargo, los hallazgos actuales muestran que tales beneficios no se observan para los bebés prematuros con HIE. Los autores señalaron que el uso del tratamiento de enfriamiento en bebés prematuros ha aumentado, a pesar de la poca investigación sobre su efectividad en este grupo de edad.

El estudio fue realizado por Roger G. Faix, M.D., de la Universidad de Utah, y colegas en 19 centros de investigación para recién nacidos. Aparece en JAMA Pediatrics. La financiación fue proporcionada por el Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano (NICHD) de los NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver.

La pérdida de oxígeno asociada a HIE puede ser el resultado de la compresión del cordón umbilical, un desgarro en el útero u otras complicaciones al nacer. De 188 bebés prematuros con HIE nacidos de 2015 a 2020, 88 bebés fueron asignados al azar al tratamiento de enfriamiento y 80 se mantuvieron a temperatura normal. Los investigadores evaluaron sucesos como la muerte y la discapacidad de moderada a grave cuando los bebés tenían entre 18 y 22 meses de edad. Encontraron que el 35 % de los que recibieron el tratamiento de enfriamiento y el 29 % se mantuvieron a temperatura normal habían muerto o tenían una discapacidad. Más específicamente, las muertes ocurrieron en el 20 % de los que recibieron tratamiento de enfriamiento y el 12 % de los que recibieron atención estándar. En general, los bebés prematuros que recibieron la terapia de enfriamiento tuvieron un riesgo 74 % mayor de muerte o discapacidad y un riesgo 87 % mayor de muerte.

QUIÉN:

Nahida Chaktoura, M.D., jefa de la Subdivisión de Embarazo y Perinatología del NICHD, está disponible para hacer comentarios.

ARTÍCULO:

Faix, RG et al. Hipotermia de cuerpo entero para la encefalopatía neonatal en bebés prematuros de 33-35 semanas de gestación: un ensayo clínico aleatorizado . JAMA Pediatrics DOI:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.6613 (2025)

###

Acerca del Eunice Kennedy Shriver Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano (NICHD): el NICHD lidera la investigación y la capacitación para comprender el desarrollo humano, mejorar la salud reproductiva, mejorar la vida de los niños y adolescentes y optimizar las habilidades para todos. Para obtener más información, visite https://www.nichd.nih.gov.

Acerca de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (NIH): los NIH, la agencia de investigación médica del país, incluye 27 institutos y centros y es un componente del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de EE. UU. Los NIH son la principal agencia federal que realiza y apoya la investigación médica básica, clínica y traslacional, y está investigando las causas, los tratamientos y las curas para las enfermedades comunes y raras. Para obtener más información sobre los NIH y sus programas, visite https://www.nih.gov.

FUENTE Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health

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