Enhanced Oil Recovery: Technologies and Global Markets

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Aug 27, 2013, 01:15 ET

NEW YORK, Aug. 27, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Enhanced Oil Recovery: Technologies and Global Markets
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STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This report provides findings for updates from a previously completed study from 2010. BCC's goal in conducting this update was to reassess and describe the current status and potential growth of the worldwide enhanced oil recovery (EOR) industry and the market for associated EOR technologies. More specifically, the updated study includes the following objectives: (1) summarize existing EOR technologies and promising emerging technologies that are under development; (2) evaluate the existing EOR industry, focusing on the manufacturers and providers of major components for viable EOR technologies; and (3) assess market potential for EOR technologies over a five-year period from 2013 through 2018.

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

Continually rising global demand for petroleum combined with various supply and political factors resulted in the rapid escalation of its price starting in 2001. (The term "oil" is hereafter used nearly exclusively within this study when referring to petroleum.) These shifts have placed significant pressure upon the global oil industry to increase production. Faced with the challenge of increasing supply, the global oil industry relies upon the discovery of new oil reserves, production from developed, drilled reserves and the discovery and implementation of technological advances that enable more extensive oil recovery. Along with advanced extraction technologies such as hydrofracture, EOR technologies are becoming increasingly significant to global oil supply by increasing or reviving oil production at reserves or oilfields depleted of more easily recoverable oil. In other instances, EOR technologies have allowed the global oil industry to produce oil from alternative reserves—such as oil sands or oil shale—through field operations previously thought to be technologically infeasible or economically unviable. EOR technologies are widely considered vital to maintaining the role of oil as a continued, reliable source of energy in the global economy.

EOR technologies are also promoted by the global oil industry and publicly as means to address energy policy concerns held by various nations and political organizations. Some EOR technologies first found widespread commercial application during the energy crises of the 1970s, when regional and worldwide oil supplies were severely disrupted due to their reliance upon oil imports. Concerns over regional and national energy security and energy independence persist in many nations and global markets due to perceived geopolitical threats to the continued supply of imported oil. Capable of bolstering oil production from reserves unrecoverable through conventional methods, EOR technologies can contribute to efforts to reduce a country's dependence on oil imports and thereby achieve greater energy independence and security.

Climate change and control of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—particularly carbon dioxide (CO2)—also represent key issues for contemporary global and national energy policy that can be addressed through the application or increased utilization of EOR technologies. Increasingly global efforts to minimize or offset GHG emissions presents an opportunity to the global oil industry to boost oil production at select fields by injecting waste CO2 into underground oil reservoirs. When properly managed, CO2 captured from industrial, petrochemical or power generation sources can be sequestered deep underground, preventing its release to the atmosphere. Such efforts represent a convergence of industry efforts to increase oil production from existing assets while partially offsetting the effects of fossil fuels on global climate change.

Current market conditions and recent advances in EOR technologies, including industry understanding regarding the effective application of EOR, are principally responsible for continued growth in enhanced oil recovery. Additional costs associated with the services and infrastructure required for EOR technologies may limit their application; however, currently high oil prices globally have reduced the significance of added costs and greatly increased the economic viability of EOR technologies. Further growth in the market for EOR technologies is anticipated due to their technological maturity, strong representation from a variety of service providers and product suppliers in the global oil industry, extensive industry experience in the application of EOR technologies and the technologies' proven efficacy in increasing oil production at oilfields worldwide.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This study reviews EOR technologies, along with relevant market and production information, technological descriptions and issues, applications and market factors and potential and gives an overview of supporting incentives and regulations in major worldwide markets. This study will be of interest to current and potential manufacturers and suppliers of EOR technologies as well as entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial companies interested in entering or expanding into the EOR technology sector. It will also be of interest to corporate planners and strategists, companies involved in the recovery and production of oil, EOR services providers, EOR rental equipment providers, fossil fuel energy advocacy groups and other public- and private-sector interest groups and market analysts.

SCOPE OF REPORT AND METHODOLOGY

The scope of this investigation includes the major viable EOR technologies that are currently being implemented in the oil industry. These EOR technologies are implemented to recover crude oil from reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery methods have ceased to be productive enough to continue normal field operation economically. In some cases, the EOR technologies considered in this report may also be applied immediately following initial well drilling. These applications are common for fields where primary and secondary recovery technologies are incapable of producing adequate oil in any phase of oilfield operation.

Installation and operation of EOR technologies can include various products and components such as injection pumps, wellheads, specialized well tubing, chemical feeder systems, air separation units, gas compressors, blowers, steam generators, specialized storage vessels and various other equipment and facilities. Other important products of an EOR technology include oil recovery media such as surfactants, polymers, alkali chemicals, liquid nitrogen and CO2. Although steam and onsite-compressed atmospheric nitrogen are also important oil recovery media, they are not considered EOR technology products within this report as they are supplied at minimal or no direct cost, unlike CO2 or specialized injection chemicals that are supplied to an EOR operation.

The market analysis provided in this report is based on a variety of data sources. These include the most recent government, industry and academic data regarding the amount of oil in place that could potentially be extracted via EOR, combined with a supplemental evaluation of major EOR projects that have been announced or that are currently being proposed. Therefore, this report combines "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches to provide a realistic, robust and accurate assessment of this complex market.

Emerging EOR technologies that may become commercially viable within the next five years are summarized, but are not included in the market assessment of this report. BCC analyzes each major viable EOR technology, determines its current market status, examines its impact on future markets and presents forecasts of growth over the next five years. Additionally, this report provides a breakout analysis for solar enhanced EOR. Solar enhanced EOR was considered only as an emerging technology during under the prior report completed in this series. However, increased deployment indicates that the technology has come sufficiently close to commercialization that additional analysis was deemed practicable and useful. Technological issues, including the latest trends, are assessed and discussed, as are the current and likely regulatory environments in support of this industry.

BCC analyzes the industry on a worldwide basis in terms of its manufacturing and the deployment of its technologies or products. BCC also examines government roles in support of EOR technologies worldwide, including regulatory support, government requirements and promotional incentives for various EOR technologies as relevant and available. BCC provides a review of the most relevant EOR technologies, discusses recent trends in capacity installation and unit sales and provides industry overviews and market assessments for each EOR technology.

WORLDWIDE MARKETS

List of the major worldwide markets that were assessed in support of this study:
North America : United States, Canada, Mexico
South America : Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil, Rest of South America
Europe : Germany, Norway, Netherlands, Russia, Turkey, Rest of Europe
Middle East : Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Rest of Middle East
Asia : China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Rest of Asia

METHODOLOGY

Background information, including reviews of each EOR technology and its implementation status, was collected from government and industry sources. Specific citations and references are provided as needed to support this study and website links to government and industry studies, white papers and other relevant information are provided whenever available.

BCC's research of present and historic market trends was conducted primarily via internet research and phone interviews, relying on available industry and government data and information gathered from phone/email based interviews. Provided internal company data and annual documentation of sales relevant to a particular EOR technologies were also reviewed in order to prepare market assessments. Based on the results of our surveys and research, BCC analyzed the potential applications for each technology and forecast remaining 2013 sales and sales through 2018. Additionally, when available, the data provided in this report were compared with other industry data to ensure relevance, applicability and accuracy.

INFORMATION SOURCES

Both primary and secondary research methods were used in preparing this report. BCC surveyed more than 70 companies to obtain the data for this study. Included were manufacturers of EOR technologies, distributors of EOR technologies and companies involved with the deployment of EOR technologies and field facilities. BCC also contacted users of these technologies in a variety of locales worldwide. Additionally, BCC compiled data from current financial and trade information, industry associations and government sources.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

Robert Eckard has more than a decade of experience working in the energy and environmental industries. Currently pursuing a PhD in water and energy resources at the University of California at Davis, Robert also runs a small industry research and technical consulting company, with an emphasis on the energy/ water/environmental sectors. Robert has provided economic analysis market assessments, environmental analysis and technical water and energy reports to state and local governments, other consultants and private companies and individuals throughout the U.S., as well as the Middle East, Southeast Asia and Australia. He has also worked as a subcontractor under the U.S. Department of Energy, providing analysis in support of fossil fuel extraction and refining for petroleum fuels, coal and natural gas. Previously, he has produced reports for BCC Research on the global markets for a variety of energy and water related industries including alternative natural gas extraction techniques, distributed power generation, energy efficient building technologies, recycled wastewater treatment and solar power generation and heating technologies.

REPORT HIGHLIGHTS

This report provides:
• An overview of the global market for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies that are implemented to recover crude oil from reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery methods have ceased to be productive enough to continue normal field operation economically.
• Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2010, 2011 and 2012, estimates for 2013, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2018.
• Identification of the various EOR products and components, such as injection pumps, wellheads, specialized well tubing, chemical feeder systems, air separation units, gas compressors, blowers, steam generators, specialized storage vessels, and various other equipment and facilities; other important products include oil recovery media such as surfactants, polymers, alkali chemicals, liquid nitrogen, and CO2.
• Discussion of the most recent government, industry, and academic data regarding the amount of oil in place that potentially can be extracted via EOR.
• Examination of government roles in support of EOR technologies worldwide, including regulatory support, government requirements, and promotional incentives for various EOR technologies as relevant and available.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 2
INTENDED AUDIENCE 3
SCOPE OF REPORT AND METHODOLOGY 3
WORLDWIDE MARKETS 4
TABLE A LIST OF GLOBAL MARKETS CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY 4
METHODOLOGY 5
INFORMATION SOURCES 5
TABLE B RESEARCH INFORMATION SOURCES 6
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 6
RELATED REPORTS 6
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 7
DISCLAIMER 7

CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 9

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY MARKET BY REGION,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 10
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY MARKET BY REGION,
2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 10

CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 12

WHAT IS ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY? 12
TABLE 1 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES CONSIDERED IN THIS REPORT 13
HISTORY OF ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 14
BENEFITS OF ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 14
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL CRUDE OIL PROVED RESERVES (2009–2012E) (TRILLION
BARRELS) 15
FIGURE 2 EOR BENEFITS TO ENERGY SECURITY AND CLIMATE: COMPARISON TO
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES AND STRATEGIES 16
DRAWBACKS OF ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 17
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 18
GAS FLOODING 18
Major Forms of Gas Flooding 19
Nitrogen 19
Carbon Dioxide 20
Hydrocarbons and Solvents 21
Gas Flooding Operational Methods 21
Standard Gas Flooding 21
Combined Injection 22
Cyclic Gas Stimulation 22
THERMAL PROCESSES 22
Major Thermal Processes 23
Steam Injection 23
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage 23
In Situ Combustion 24
Toe-to-Heel Air Injection 24
Thermal Operational Methods 25
Standard Thermal Flood 25
Cyclic Steam Stimulation 25
CHEMICAL FLOODING 25
Major Chemical Flooding Processes 26
Surfactants 26
Polymers 26
Alkalis 27
Chemical Flooding Operational Methods 27
Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer 27
EOR PRODUCTS AND EQUIPMENT 28
Air Separation Unit 28
Gases and Chemicals for Injection 28
Gas Compressors 28
Injection Pump 29
Specialized Wellheads 29
Injection Well Casing, Tubing and Production Packer 29
Production Treatment and Filtration Equipment 29
Measuring and Monitoring 29
Holding and Maturing Tanks 30
Mixing Equipment 30
Manifolds and Injection Lines 30
Control Room or Control Facilities 30
Power Production Facilities 30
Steam Generators and Boilers 30
Fluid Storage Facilities 31
Water Filtration and Treatment Equipment 31
EOR SERVICES AND CONSULTATIONS 31
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 31
Solar Enhanced Oil Recovery 32
Microbial Flooding 32
Titan Oil Recovery Inc. 33
Enzyme EOR 33
Flue Gas Flooding 33

CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 36

INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS 36
TABLE 2 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INDUSTRY COMPANY TYPES 36
ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS/ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
PRODUCT SUPPLIERS 37
Gas Flooding Technology Manufacturers 37
Chemical Flooding Technology Manufacturers 38
Thermal Flooding Technology Manufacturers 38
SECONDARY COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS AND FABRICATORS 39
RENTAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY EQUIPMENT PROVIDERS 39
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS 40
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY CONSULTANTS 40
OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION COMPANIES 41
COMMON FACTORS INFLUENCING GLOBAL DEMAND 41
DECLINING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OIL PRODUCTION 41
DOMESTIC ENERGY SECURITY 42
REGULATION 43
CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION/STORAGE 43
OIL PRICES 44
UNCONVENTIONAL OIL EXTRACTION AND THE FUTURE OF EOR 44
NOTES ON EOR COST 45
TABLE 3 EXAMPLES OF EOR COST VARIATION FOR CO2-EOR IN THE U.S. 45
OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY MARKET 46
TABLE 4 GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2018
($ MILLIONS) 47
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY MARKET BY REGION, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 47
TABLE 5 GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 48
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY,
2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 49

CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 51

TRENDS IN OIL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND PROVEN RESERVES 51
OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION BY MAJOR COUNTRY 51
FIGURE 5 NORTH AMERICA CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION
BARRELS PER YEAR) 52
FIGURE 6 NORTH AMERICA CRUDE OIL CONSUMPTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION
BARRELS PER YEAR) 53
OIL RESERVES BY MAJOR COUNTRY 54
FIGURE 7 NORTH AMERICA PROVED OIL RESERVES, 2002–2012E (BILLION
BARRELS PER YEAR) 55
GEOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN EOR SUITABILITY AND DEPLOYMENT 56
FIGURE 8 OILFIELDS IN THE U.S. AND CANADA THAT COULD SUPPORT CO2-EOR 56
FIGURE 9 U.S. OILFIELDS KNOWN TO BE FAVORABLE TO CO2-EOR AND EXISTING
U.S. CO2 PIPELINES, 2012 57
FIGURE 10 CANADIAN OIL SANDS 58
REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES 59
FEDERAL 60
U.S. Internal Revenue Service 60
Federal Enhanced Oil Recovery Tax Credit 60
Advanced Energy Investment Tax Credit 60
CO2-Capture Tax Credit 61
Deduction for Qualified Tertiary Injectant Expenses 61
U.S. Department of Energy 61
Underground Injection Control Program 61
Energy Policy Act of 2005 Carbon-Capture and Sequestration
Incentives 62
Department of Energy Carbon Sequestration Program 62
SELECT STATE-LEVEL REGULATION AND INCENTIVES 63
Alabama 63
Severance Tax Incentive 63
Arkansas 63
Enhanced Oil Recovery Severance Tax Incentives 63
Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission 64
Colorado 64
Secondary and Enhanced Oil Recovery Incentive 64
Kansas 64
Carbon Dioxide Reduction Act 64
Severance Tax Incentive 65
Tertiary Oil Recovery Program 66
Louisiana 66
Liability Assumption for Stored Carbon 66
Severance Tax Incentive 67
Tertiary Recovery Severance Tax Suspension 67
Mississippi 67
Enhanced Oil Recovery Incentives 67
Montana 68
Carbon Sequestration Equipment Property Tax Abatement 68
Production Tax Incentive 68
Incentives for Horizontal Wells 69
State Assumption of Long-Term Liability for Sequestered CO2 69
New Mexico 70
Advanced Energy Tax Credit 70
Severance Tax Incentive 70
North Dakota 70
Coal Plant Carbon Capture Incentive 70
Enhanced Oil Recovery Extraction Tax Incentive 71
Horizontal Well Tax Incentive 71
Oklahoma 72
Tax Exemption for Sales of Electricity Used in Enhanced
Recovery Production 72
Enhanced Oil Recovery Deduction 72
Texas 72
Crude Oil Production Tax/Enhanced Oil Recovery Projects
Regulation 72
Incentives for Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) 73
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 73
Enhanced Oil Recovery Severance Tax Incentive 73
Utah 74
Severance Tax Incentive 74
Wyoming 74
Severance Tax Incentives 74
CANADIAN REGULATION AND INCENTIVES 75
Federal Carbon Capture and Storage Technology and Project Funding 75
Federal Capital Cost Allowance for Carbon Capture and Storage 75
Province of Alberta-Enhanced Oil Recovery Royalty Relief 75
Province of Alberta-CO2 Projects Royalty Credit 76
Province of Alberta-Innovative Energy Technologies Incentive 76
Province of British Columbia-Heavy Oil Royalty 77
Province of British Columbia-Incremental Oil Incentive 77
Province of Saskatchewan-Saskatchewan Petroleum Research
Incentive Program 78
Director Howard Loseth, P. Eng. 78
Province of Saskatchewan-Enhanced Oil Recovery Fuel Tax and
Provincial Sales Tax Exemptions 78
Province of Saskatchewan-Enhanced Oil Recovery Royalty Regime 79
Province of Manitoba-Enhanced Oil Recovery Royalty Relief 79
MEXICAN REGULATION AND INCENTIVES 79
National CCUS Strategy and Regulatory Framework 79
MARKET VALUES AND PROJECTIONS 80
CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING 81
Market Potential and Trends 82
TABLE 6 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 83
FIGURE 11 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING,
2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 83
NITROGEN FLOODING 83
Market Potential and Trends 84
TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR NITROGEN FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 85
FIGURE 12 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR NITROGEN FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 85
HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING 86
Market Potential and Trends 87
TABLE 8 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 88
FIGURE 13 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING,
2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 88
CHEMICAL FLOODING 88
Market Potential and Trends 89
TABLE 9 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 90
FIGURE 14 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 90
IN SITU COMBUSTION 91
Market Potential and Trends 92
TABLE 10 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, THROUGH 2018
($ MILLIONS) 92
FIGURE 15 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 92
STEAM FLOODING 93
Market Potential and Trends 94
TABLE 11 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 95
FIGURE 16 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 95

CHAPTER 6 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 98

TRENDS IN OIL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND PROVED RESERVES 98
OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION BY MAJOR COUNTRY 98
FIGURE 17 SOUTH AMERICAN CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION
BARRELS PER YEAR) 99
FIGURE 18 SOUTH AMERICAN CRUDE OIL CONSUMPTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION
BARRELS PER YEAR) 101
OIL RESERVES BY MAJOR COUNTRY 102
FIGURE 19 SOUTH AMERICAN PROVED OIL RESERVES, 2002–2013 (BILLION
BARRELS OF OIL) 103
REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES 104
Brazil 104
CCS Project Developments 104
Trinidad and Tobago 104
Enhanced Oil Recovery Tax Credits 104
Venezuela 105
Oil Contractor's Law 105
MARKET VALUES AND PROJECTIONS 105
CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING 106
Market Potential and Trends 107
TABLE 12 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 107
FIGURE 20 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING MARKET,
2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 108
NITROGEN FLOODING 108
HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING 108
Market Potential and Trends 109
TABLE 13 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 110
FIGURE 21 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING,
2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 110
CHEMICAL FLOODING 111
Market Potential and Trends 111
TABLE 14 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, THROUGH 2018
($ MILLIONS) 112
FIGURE 22 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 112
IN SITU COMBUSTION 113
Market Potential and Trends 114
TABLE 15 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, THROUGH 2018
($ MILLIONS) 114
FIGURE 23 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 115
STEAM FLOODING 115
Market Potential and Trends 116
TABLE 16 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 117
FIGURE 24 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 117

CHAPTER 7 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 119

TRENDS IN OIL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND PROVED RESERVES 119
OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION BY MAJOR COUNTRY 119
FIGURE 25 EUROPE CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION BARRELS PER
YEAR) 120
FIGURE 26 EUROPEAN CRUDE OIL CONSUMPTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION BARRELS
PER YEAR) 121
OIL RESERVES BY MAJOR COUNTRY 122
FIGURE 27 EUROPEAN PROVED OIL RESERVES, 2002–2013 (BILLION BARRELS OF
OIL) 123
REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES 124
European Union 125
European Union Climate and Energy Package—Framework for
Carbon Capture and Storage 125
NER300 125
Norway 126
Emissions Trading Scheme 126
CLIMIT Program 127
United Kingdom 128
United Kingdom Carbon Capture and Sequestration Competition 128
Energy Act 2010 128
MARKET VALUES AND PROJECTIONS 128
CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING 129
Market Potential and Trends 130
TABLE 17 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, THROUGH 2018
($ MILLIONS) 131
FIGURE 28 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 131
NITROGEN FLOODING 132
HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING 132
Market Potential and Trends 133
TABLE 18 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 134
FIGURE 29 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING, 2010–2018
($ MILLIONS) 134
CHEMICAL FLOODING 134
Market Potential and Trends 135
TABLE 19 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 136
FIGURE 30 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 136
IN SITU COMBUSTION 137
Market Potential and Trends 138
TABLE 20 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 138
FIGURE 31 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, 2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 138
STEAM FLOODING 139
Market Potential and Trends 140
TABLE 21 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 141
FIGURE 32 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 141

CHAPTER 8 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 143

TRENDS IN OIL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND PROVED RESERVES 143
OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION BY MAJOR COUNTRY 143
FIGURE 33 MIDDLE EAST CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION BARRELS
PER YEAR) 144
FIGURE 34 AFRICAN CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION BARRELS PER
YEAR) 145
FIGURE 35 MIDDLE EAST CRUDE OIL CONSUMPTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION
BARRELS PER YEAR) 147
FIGURE 36 AFRICA CRUDE OIL CONSUMPTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION BARRELS PER
YEAR) 148
OIL RESERVES BY MAJOR COUNTRY 149
FIGURE 37 MIDDLE EAST PROVED OIL RESERVES, 2002–2013 (BILLION BARRELS
OF OIL) 150
FIGURE 38 AFRICA PROVED OIL RESERVES, 2002–2013 (BILLION BARRELS OF OIL) 151
REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES 152
South Africa 152
United Arab Emirates 152
Masdar Carbon Capture and Sequestration Joint Ventures 152
MARKET VALUES AND PROJECTIONS 153
CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING 154
Market Potential and Trends 155
TABLE 22 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 155
FIGURE 39 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 156
NITROGEN FLOODING 156
HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING 157
Market Potential and Trends 157
TABLE 23 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS
FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 158
FIGURE 40 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS
FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 158
CHEMICAL FLOODING 159
Market Potential and Trends 160
TABLE 24 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKETS FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 160
IN SITU COMBUSTION 161
STEAM FLOODING 161
Market Potential and Trends 162
TABLE 25 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 163
FIGURE 41 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING,
2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 163

CHAPTER 9 ASIAN MARKET FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 165

TRENDS IN OIL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND PROVED RESERVES 165
OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION BY MAJOR COUNTRY 165
FIGURE 42 ASIAN CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION BARRELS PER
YEAR) 166
FIGURE 43 ASIAN CRUDE OIL CONSUMPTION, 2002–2012 (BILLION BARRELS PER
YEAR) 168
OIL RESERVES BY MAJOR COUNTRY 169
FIGURE 44 ASIAN PROVED OIL RESERVES, 2002–2013 (BILLION BARRELS OF OIL) 170
REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES 171
Australia 171
National Low Emissions Coal Initiative 171
China 172
Notice on Promoting Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage
Pilot Demonstration 172
Indonesia 172
Oil Equipment Import Incentives 172
Malaysia 173
Petroleum Rules 2013 173
Petroleum Regulations 2013 173
Petroleum Order 2013 173
MARKET VALUES AND PROJECTIONS 173
CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING 174
Market Potential and Trends 175
TABLE 26 ASIAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 176
FIGURE 45 ASIAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 177
NITROGEN FLOODING 177
HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING 177
Market Potential and Trends 178
TABLE 27 ASIAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 179
FIGURE 46 ASIAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($
MILLIONS) 179
CHEMICAL FLOODING 179
Market Potential and Trends 180
TABLE 28 ASIAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 181
FIGURE 47 ASIAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 181
IN SITU COMBUSTION 181
Market Potential and Trends 183
TABLE 29 ASIAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 183
FIGURE 48 ASIAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, 2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 183
STEAM FLOODING 184
Market Potential and Trends 185
TABLE 30 ASIAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 186
FIGURE 49 ASIAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, 2010–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 186

CHAPTER 10 COMPANY PROFILES 188

CHEMICAL FLOODING TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS 188
EOR CHEMICALS 188
TABLE 31 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AKZO NOBEL 189
BASF 190
TABLE 32 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BASF 191
Champion Technologies 191
TABLE 33 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHAMPION TECHNOLOGIES 191
Chevron Phillips Chemical 192
TABLE 34 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL 192
Dow Chemical Co. 193
TABLE 35 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DOW CHEMICAL CO. 193
DuPont 194
TABLE 36 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DUPONT 194
Kemira 195
TABLE 37 COMPANY OVERVIEW: KEMIRA 195
Oil Chem Technologies 196
TABLE 38 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIES 196
PQ Corp. 196
TABLE 39 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PQ CORP. 197
Rhodia 197
TABLE 40 COMPANY OVERVIEW: RHODIA 198
Shell Chemicals 198
TABLE 41 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SHELL CHEMICALS 199
SNF Group 199
TABLE 42 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SNF GROUP 200
Stepan 200
TABLE 43 COMPANY OVERVIEW: STEPAN 201
Tiorco 201
TABLE 44 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TIORCO 202
Unitech Asia Pacific Ltd. 202
TABLE 45 COMPANY OVERVIEW: UNITECH ASIA PACIFIC LTD. 203
Weatherford Intl. 203
TABLE 46 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WEATHERFORD INTL. 204
CHEMICAL INJECTION PUMPS, SKIDS AND SYSTEMS 204
Baker Hughes 204
TABLE 47 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BAKER HUGHES 205
Cat Pumps 205
TABLE 48 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAT PUMPS 206
FMC Technologies 206
TABLE 49 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FMC TECHNOLOGIES 207
General Electric 207
TABLE 50 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 208
Hammelmann 209
TABLE 51 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HAMMELMANN 209
Hayward Gordon 210
TABLE 52 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HAYWARD GORDON 210
National Oilwell Varco 210
TABLE 53 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NATIONAL OILWELL VARCO 211
NETZSCH 211
TABLE 54 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NETZSCH 212
SNF Group 212
TABLE 55 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SNF GROUP 213
Sulzer 214
TABLE 56 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SULZER 214
Weatherford Intl. 215
TABLE 57 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WEATHERFORD INTL. 216
GAS FLOODING TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS 216
NITROGEN PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT 216
Air Liquide 216
TABLE 58 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AIR LIQUIDE 217
Air Products 217
TABLE 59 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AIR PRODUCTS 218
Cryogenic Industries 218
TABLE 60 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIES 219
Generon Innovative Gas Systems 219
TABLE 61 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERON INNOVATIVE GAS SYSTEMS 220
Linde 220
TABLE 62 COMPANY OVERVIEW: LINDE 221
National Oilwell Varco 221
TABLE 63 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NATIONAL OILWELL VARCO 222
Praxair 222
TABLE 64 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PRAXAIR 223
CARBON DIOXIDE SUPPLY 223
Denbury Resources 223
TABLE 65 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DENBURY RESOURCES 224
ExxonMobil 224
TABLE 66 COMPANY OVERVIEW: EXXONMOBIL 225
Kinder Morgan 226
TABLE 67 COMPANY OVERVIEW: KINDER MORGAN 226
Occidental 227
TABLE 68 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OCCIDENTAL 228
GAS COMPRESSION AND INJECTION SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS 228
Ariel 228
TABLE 69 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ARIEL 229
Cameron 229
TABLE 70 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAMERON 230
Cat Pumps 230
TABLE 71 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAT PUMPS 231
Caterpillar 231
TABLE 72 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CATERPILLAR 232
Cryogenic Industries 232
TABLE 73 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIES 233
Dresser-Rand 233
TABLE 74 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DRESSER-RAND 234
Elliott 234
TABLE 75 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ELLIOTT 235
Flowserve 235
TABLE 76 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FLOWSERVE 236
FMC Technologies 236
TABLE 77 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FMC TECHNOLOGIES 237
Gardner Denver 237
TABLE 78 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GARDNER DENVER 238
General Electric 238
TABLE 79 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 240
MAN 240
TABLE 80 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MAN 242
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 242
TABLE 81 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES 243
Rolls-Royce 243
TABLE 82 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ROLLS-ROYCE 244
Siemens 244
TABLE 83 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SIEMENS 245
Wood Group 245
TABLE 84 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WOOD GROUP 247
GAS RECOVERY SYSTEMS 247
Air Liquide 247
TABLE 85 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AIR LIQUIDE 248
Air Products 248
TABLE 86 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AIR PRODUCTS 249
Cameron 249
TABLE 87 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAMERON 250
Guild Associates 251
TABLE 88 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GUILD ASSOCIATES 252
Membrane Technology Research 252
TABLE 89 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 252
Ube 253
TABLE 90 COMPANY OVERVIEW: UBE 254
CHEMICAL AND GAS INJECTION WELL EQUIPMENT 254
Cameron 254
TABLE 91 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAMERON 255
FMC Technologies 255
TABLE 92 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FMC TECHNOLOGIES 256
General Electric 256
TABLE 93 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 258
National Oilwell Varco 258
TABLE 94 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NATIONAL OILWELL VARCO 259
Seaboard 259
TABLE 95 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SEABOARD 260
Weatherford Intl. 260
TABLE 96 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WEATHERFORD INTL. 260
Wood Group 261
TABLE 97 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WOOD GROUP 262
THERMAL FLOODING TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS 262
COGENERATION TURBINES 262
Dresser-Rand 262
TABLE 98 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DRESSER-RAND 263
General Electric 263
TABLE 99 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 264
MAN 265
TABLE 100 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MAN 266
Rolls-Royce 266
TABLE 101 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ROLLS-ROYCE 267
Siemens 267
TABLE 102 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SIEMENS 268
STEAM GENERATORS 269
Babcock & Wilcox 269
TABLE 103 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BABCOCK & WILCOX 269
China National Petroleum Corp. 270
TABLE 104 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORP. 271
Clayton Industries 271
TABLE 105 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CLAYTON INDUSTRIES 272
Hamon Deltak 272
TABLE 106 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HAMON DELTAK 273
Industrial Technology Management 273
TABLE 107 COMPANY OVERVIEW: INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 273
IST 274
TABLE 108 COMPANY OVERVIEW: IST 275
Nooter/Eriksen 275
TABLE 109 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NOOTER/ERIKSEN 276
Premier Energy 276
TABLE 110 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PREMIER ENERGY 277
TEi-Struthers Wells 277
TABLE 111 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TEI-STRUTHERS WELLS 278
Vogt Power 278
TABLE 112 COMPANY OVERVIEW: VOGT POWER 279
THERMAL WELL EQUIPMENT 279
Cameron 279
TABLE 113 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAMERON 280
China National Petroleum Corp. 280
TABLE 114 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORP. 281
FMC Technologies 282
TABLE 115 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FMC TECHNOLOGIES 283
General Electric 283
TABLE 116 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 284
Halliburton 284
TABLE 117 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HALLIBURTON 285
Industrial Technology Management 286
TABLE 118 COMPANY OVERVIEW: INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 286
Stream-Flo 286
TABLE 119 COMPANY OVERVIEW: STREAM-FLO 287
TAM Intl. 287
TABLE 120 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TAM INTL. 288
TIW 288
TABLE 121 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TIW 288
Weatherford Intl. 289
TABLE 122 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WEATHERFORD INTL. 289
AIR COMPRESSORS 290
Ariel 290
TABLE 123 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ARIEL 290
Bauer 291
TABLE 124 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BAUER 291
Dresser-Rand 292
TABLE 125 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DRESSER-RAND 292
MAN 293
TABLE 126 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MAN 294
PRODUCTION-SIDE PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS (APPLICABLE TO MULTIPLE EOR
TECHNOLOGIES) 294
PRODUCTION PUMPS 294
Bornemann 294
TABLE 127 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BORNEMANN 295
Flowserve 295
TABLE 128 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FLOWSERVE 296
General Electric 296
TABLE 129 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 297
Leistritz 297
TABLE 130 COMPANY OVERVIEW: LEISTRITZ 298
Seepex 298
TABLE 131 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SEEPEX 299
Sulzer 299
TABLE 132 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SULZER 300
Weatherford Intl. 301
TABLE 133 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WEATHERFORD INTL. 301
PRODUCED FLUIDS SEPARATION/PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS 302
Cameron 302
TABLE 134 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAMERON 303
Cyclotech 303
TABLE 135 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CYCLOTECH 304
Eaton 304
TABLE 136 COMPANY OVERVIEW: EATON 305
Eco-Tec 305
TABLE 137 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ECO-TEC 306
FMC Technologies 306
TABLE 138 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FMC TECHNOLOGIES 307
General Electric 307
TABLE 139 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 308
Siemens 309
TABLE 140 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SIEMENS 310
Sulzer 310
TABLE 141 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SULZER 311
Veolia 311
TABLE 142 COMPANY OVERVIEW: VEOLIA 312

CHAPTER 11 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS OF MEASUREMENTS 315

CHAPTER 12 REFERENCES 319

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE A LIST OF GLOBAL MARKETS CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY 4
TABLE B RESEARCH INFORMATION SOURCES 6
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY MARKET BY REGION,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 10
TABLE 1 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES CONSIDERED IN THIS REPORT 13
TABLE 2 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INDUSTRY COMPANY TYPES 36
TABLE 3 EXAMPLES OF EOR COST VARIATION FOR CO2-EOR IN THE U.S. 45
TABLE 4 GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 47
TABLE 5 GLOBAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 48
TABLE 6 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 83
TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR NITROGEN FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 85
TABLE 8 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 88
TABLE 9 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 90
TABLE 10 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 92
TABLE 11 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 95
TABLE 12 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 107
TABLE 13 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 110
TABLE 14 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 112
TABLE 15 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 114
TABLE 16 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 117
TABLE 17 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 131
TABLE 18 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING, THROUGH 2018
($ MILLIONS) 134
TABLE 19 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 136
TABLE 20 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 138
TABLE 21 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 141
TABLE 22 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 155
TABLE 23 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS
FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 158
TABLE 24 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKETS FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 160
TABLE 25 MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 163
TABLE 26 ASIAN MARKET FOR CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 176
TABLE 27 ASIAN MARKET FOR HYDROCARBON GAS FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 179
TABLE 28 ASIAN MARKET FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 181
TABLE 29 ASIAN MARKET FOR IN SITU COMBUSTION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 183
TABLE 30 ASIAN MARKET FOR STEAM FLOODING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 186
TABLE 31 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AKZO NOBEL 189
TABLE 32 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BASF 191
TABLE 33 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHAMPION TECHNOLOGIES 191
TABLE 34 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL 192
TABLE 35 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DOW CHEMICAL CO. 193
TABLE 36 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DUPONT 194
TABLE 37 COMPANY OVERVIEW: KEMIRA 195
TABLE 38 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIES 196
TABLE 39 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PQ CORP. 197
TABLE 40 COMPANY OVERVIEW: RHODIA 198
TABLE 41 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SHELL CHEMICALS 199
TABLE 42 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SNF GROUP 200
TABLE 43 COMPANY OVERVIEW: STEPAN 201
TABLE 44 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TIORCO 202
TABLE 45 COMPANY OVERVIEW: UNITECH ASIA PACIFIC LTD. 203
TABLE 46 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WEATHERFORD INTL. 204
TABLE 47 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BAKER HUGHES 205
TABLE 48 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAT PUMPS 206
TABLE 49 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FMC TECHNOLOGIES 207
TABLE 50 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 208
TABLE 51 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HAMMELMANN 209
TABLE 52 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HAYWARD GORDON 210
TABLE 53 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NATIONAL OILWELL VARCO 211
TABLE 54 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NETZSCH 212
TABLE 55 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SNF GROUP 213
TABLE 56 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SULZER 214
TABLE 57 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WEATHERFORD INTL. 216
TABLE 58 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AIR LIQUIDE 217
TABLE 59 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AIR PRODUCTS 218
TABLE 60 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIES 219
TABLE 61 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERON INNOVATIVE GAS SYSTEMS 220
TABLE 62 COMPANY OVERVIEW: LINDE 221
TABLE 63 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NATIONAL OILWELL VARCO 222
TABLE 64 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PRAXAIR 223
TABLE 65 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DENBURY RESOURCES 224
TABLE 66 COMPANY OVERVIEW: EXXONMOBIL 225
TABLE 67 COMPANY OVERVIEW: KINDER MORGAN 226
TABLE 68 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OCCIDENTAL 228
TABLE 69 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ARIEL 229
TABLE 70 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAMERON 230
TABLE 71 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAT PUMPS 231
TABLE 72 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CATERPILLAR 232
TABLE 73 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIES 233
TABLE 74 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DRESSER-RAND 234
TABLE 75 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ELLIOTT 235
TABLE 76 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FLOWSERVE 236
TABLE 77 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FMC TECHNOLOGIES 237
TABLE 78 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GARDNER DENVER 238
TABLE 79 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 240
TABLE 80 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MAN 242
TABLE 81 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES 243
TABLE 82 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ROLLS-ROYCE 244
TABLE 83 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SIEMENS 245
TABLE 84 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WOOD GROUP 247
TABLE 85 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AIR LIQUIDE 248
TABLE 86 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AIR PRODUCTS 249
TABLE 87 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAMERON 250
TABLE 88 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GUILD ASSOCIATES 252
TABLE 89 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 252
TABLE 90 COMPANY OVERVIEW: UBE 254
TABLE 91 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAMERON 255
TABLE 92 COMPANY OVERVIEW: FMC TECHNOLOGIES 256
TABLE 93 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 258
TABLE 94 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NATIONAL OILWELL VARCO 259
TABLE 95 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SEABOARD 260
TABLE 96 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WEATHERFORD INTL. 260
TABLE 97 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WOOD GROUP 262
TABLE 98 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DRESSER-RAND 263
TABLE 99 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GENERAL ELECTRIC 264
TABLE 100 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MAN 266
TABLE 101 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ROLLS-ROYCE 267
TABLE 102 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SIEMENS 268
TABLE 103 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BABCOCK & WILCOX 269
TABLE 104 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORP. 271
TABLE 105 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CLAYTON INDUSTRIES 272
TABLE 106 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HAMON DELTAK 273
TABLE 107 COMPANY OVERVIEW: INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 273
TABLE 108 COMPANY OVERVIEW: IST 275
TABLE 109 COMPANY OVERVIEW: NOOTER/ERIKSEN 276
TABLE 110 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PREMIER ENERGY 277
TABLE 111 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TEI-STRUTHERS WELLS 278
TABLE 112 COMPANY OVERVIEW: VOGT POWER 279
TABLE 113 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CAMERON 280
TABLE 114 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHINA NATIONAL PETROL