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Escritores e grupos de escritores da Austrália, Québec, Reino Unido e EUA processam a HathiTrust, a Universidade de Michigan e quatro outras universidades americanas por violação de direitos autorais

Arquivos digitais disponibilizados pelo Google em questão, enquanto os demandantes procuram embargar o escaneamento de 7 milhões de livros protegidos por direitos autorais, com ação do Congresso pendente


News provided by

The Authors Guild

Sep 14, 2011, 11:31 ET

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NOVA YORK, 14 de setembro de 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- A Authors Guild (Guilda de Escritores), a Australian Society of Authors (Sociedade Australiana de Escritores), a Union Des Ecrivaines et des Ecrivains Quebecois (UNEQ -- União das Escritoras e Escritores de Québec), além de oito escritores, individualmente, entraram com uma ação judicial em um tribunal federal contra a HathiTrust, a Universidade de Michigan, a Universidade da Califórnia, a Universidade de Wisconsin, a Universidade de Indiana e a Universidade Cornell, por violação de direitos autorais. Entre os escritores demandantes, estão o escritor e ilustrador de livros infantis Pat Cummings, os novelistas Angelo Loukakis, Roxana Robinson, Daniele Simpson, e Fay Weldon, o poeta Andre Roy, o professor da Universidade da Colúmbia e estudioso de Shakespeare James Shapiro e o biógrafo ganhador do Prêmio Pulitzer e do Prêmio Nacional do Livro T.J. Stiles.

As universidades obtiveram do Google o escaneamento não autorizado de cerca de 7 milhões de livros protegidos por direitos autorais, que são assegurados aos escritores em diversos países. As universidades agruparam os arquivos não autorizados em um repositório (local de armazenamento) organizado pela Universidade de Michigan, denominado HathiTrust. Em junho, Michigan anunciou planos para permitir downloads ilimitados por seus estudantes e por seu corpo docente dos trabalhos protegidos por direitos autorais, que considera "órfãos", de acordo com as regras que a universidade havia estabelecido. Outras universidades aderiram ao projeto de Michigan em agosto.

O primeiro conjunto dos chamados "órfãos", 27 trabalhos de escritores franceses, russos e americanos, está programado para ser liberado a cerca de 250.000 estudantes e membros do corpo docente em 13 de outubro. Outros 140 livros em espanhol, iídiche, francês, russo e outros idiomas devem ser liberados a partir de novembro.

"Isso é uma tentativa perturbadora, ultrajante, de passar por cima dos direitos dos autores", disse o diretor-executivo da Australian Society of Authors, Angelo Loukakis.  "Pode ser que alguns não concordem, mas escrever livros é o trabalho e o meio de vida no dia a dia dos escritores. Esse grupo de universidades americanas não tem autoridade para decidir se, quando ou como os escritores são privados da proteção dos seus direitos autorais. Esses não são livros órfãos. São livros sequestrados", declarou.

"Fiquei chocada quando soube disso", afirmou a presidente da UNEQ, Daniele Simpson. "Como os escritores de Québec, Itália ou Japão vão saber que seus trabalhos foram classificados como 'órfãos' por um grupo em Ann Arbor, Michigan? Se essas universidades podem elaborar suas regras, todos as faculdades e universidades, de qualquer país, não poderão fazer o mesmo?", perguntou.

A petição inicial também questiona a segurança dos 7 milhões de arquivos digitais não autorizados. Os números são espantosos. Sem qualquer permissão, as universidades digitalizaram e colocaram nos servidores online da HathiTrust milhares de edições, com várias traduções, de trabalhos de Simone de Beauvoir, Italo Calvino, Bernard Clavel, Umberto Eco, Carlos Fuentes, Gunter Grass, Peter Handke, Michel Houellebecq, Clarice Lispector, Mario Vargas Llosa, Herta Muller, Haruki Murakami, Kenzaburo Oe, Octavio Paz e José Saramago, entre outros inúmeros escritores. Trabalhos de praticamente todas as nações foram digitalizados. Os bancos de dados da HathiTrust armazenam mais de 65.000 trabalhos publicados em 2001, por exemplo, incluindo milhares de trabalhos publicados naquele ano na China, França, Alemanha, Índia, Indonésia, Itália, Japão, Rússia, Espanha e Reino Unido, além de centenas da Austrália, Áustria, Brasil, Canadá, Egito, Israel, Líbano, México, Holanda, Filipinas, Coreia do Sul, Suiça, Tailândia, Turquia e Vietnã.

"Esses livros, por causa das ações ilegais das universidades e do Google, sofrem agora um risco desnecessário, intolerável", disse o presidente da Authors Guild, Scott Turow. "Mesmo que não fosse para essa iniciativa ad hoc, absurda, teríamos um grande problema com o repositório digital. Os escritores não deveriam confiar seus trabalhos a um grupo que elabora as regras conforme as coisas acontecem".

O projeto de biblioteca escaneada do Google já objeto de uma ação judicial de natureza coletiva em Nova York. Uma conferência sobre o status desse caso está programada para essa quinta-feira, 15 de setembro, perante o juiz Denny Chin.

Os advogados Edward Rosenthal e Jeremy Goldman da Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz estão representando os demandantes.

FONTE  The Authors Guild

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