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Estudio financiado por los NIH sugiere que el embarazo y la lactancia pueden reducir el riesgo de menopausia temprana
  • USA - English


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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Jan 22, 2020, 16:12 ET

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BETHESDA, Maryland, 22 de enero de 2020 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Las mujeres que amamantaron a sus bebés de manera exclusiva durante 7 a 12 meses pueden tener un riesgo significativamente menor de menopausia temprana que sus compañeras que amamantaron a sus bebés durante menos de un mes, según un análisis financiado por los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH). El estudio también sugiere que el embarazo puede reducir el riesgo de menopausia temprana.

El estudio fue realizado por Christine Langton, M.S.W., M.P.H., de la Universidad de Massachusetts en Amherst, y sus colegas. Aparece en JAMA Network Open. El financiamiento provino por parte del Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano (NICHD) Eunice Kennedy Shriver y del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer.

"Los resultados del estudio proporcionan la evidencia más sólida hasta la fecha de que la lactancia exclusiva puede reducir el riesgo de menopausia temprana", dijo Lisa Halvorson, M.D., jefa de la División de Salud y Enfermedades Ginecológicas del NICHD, quien supervisó la investigación.

Estudios anteriores han sugerido que la menopausia antes de los 45 años (menopausia temprana) aumenta el riesgo de muerte temprana, deterioro cognitivo, osteoporosis y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Estudios más pequeños han hallado evidencia que vincula el embarazo y la lactancia con el desarrollo de la menopausia, pero debido a su tamaño y otras limitaciones, los resultados no son concluyentes. Además, los estudios anteriores se centraron en el momento de la menopausia y no en el riesgo de menopausia temprana.

En el estudio actual, los investigadores analizaron datos de más de 100,000 mujeres de 25 a 42 años en el Nurses' Health Study II. Cada dos años, de 1989 a 2015, los participantes respondieron cuestionarios detallados, por lo que brindaron información de salud e historial médico, incluido el historial de embarazo. En comparación con las mujeres que nunca habían estado embarazadas o que habían estado embarazadas por menos de seis meses, las mujeres que tuvieron un embarazo a término tuvieron un riesgo 8 % menor de menopausia temprana. Aquellas que tuvieron dos embarazos tuvieron un riesgo 16 % menor, y las que tuvieron tres embarazos tuvieron un riesgo 22 % menor.

Las mujeres que amamantaron tuvieron un riesgo aún menor de menopausia temprana. Aquellas que amamantaron por un total de 25 meses o más durante sus años premenopáusicos tuvieron un riesgo 26 % menor que las mujeres que amamantaron durante menos de un mes. Del mismo modo, las mujeres que amamantaron de forma exclusiva de 7 a 12 meses tuvieron un riesgo 28 % menor de menopausia temprana, en comparación con las que amamantaron durante menos de un mes.

El estudio no determinó por qué el embarazo y la lactancia podrían reducir el riesgo de menopausia temprana. Sin embargo, los investigadores teorizan que debido a que el embarazo y la lactancia detienen la ovulación, la disminución de la pérdida de óvulos puede retrasar la menopausia.

Referencia
Langton CR, et al. Association of Parity and Breastfeeding With Risk of Early Natural Menopause. JAMA Network Open. 2020.

Acerca del Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano (NICHD) Eunice Kennedy Shriver: El NICHD lidera la investigación y la capacitación para comprender el desarrollo humano, mejorar la salud reproductiva, mejorar la vida de niños y adolescentes, y optimizar las habilidades para todos. Para obtener más información, visite http://www.nichd.nih.gov.

Acerca de Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH): NIH, la agencia de investigación médica de los EE. UU., incluye 27 institutos y centros y es un componente del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU. NIH es la principal agencia federal que realiza y apoya investigaciones médicas básicas, clínicas y traslacionales, y que investiga las causas, los tratamientos y las curas para enfermedades comunes y raras. Para obtener más información sobre los NIH y sus programas, visite http://www.nih.gov.

FUENTE Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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