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Fatos e fakes sobre o câncer de mama, o mais comum entre as mulheres

Estimativa do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) aponta 66 mil novos casos da doença no Brasil até o final de 2021


News provided by

AstraZeneca

Oct 25, 2021, 07:30 ET

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SÃO PAULO, 25 de outubro de 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Difícil encontrar mulheres adultas que não tenham o câncer de mama como um de seus maiores fantasmas. As estatísticas contribuem: em 2020, 2,3 milhões de novos casos foram diagnosticados em todo o mundo - o equivalente a cerca de 25% dos casos de cânceres em mulheres. Porém, é importante lembrar que, o diagnóstico precoce pode trazer novas opções e transformar a jornada desta paciente. Além disso, entender as particularidades da doença o quanto antes também faz diferença. Nenhum câncer segue um roteiro exato, por isso é necessário entender as características de cada caso.

De acordo com a FEMAMA, foi registrada uma queda no número de biópsias durante a pandemia: de 22.680 registros em 2019 para 5.940, em 2020. Diante deste cenário e no marco do Outubro Rosa, o Dr. Gilberto Amorim, oncologista da Oncologia D'Or e da Clínica São Vicente da Gávea, aborda a prevenção, a medicina de precisão e esclarece alguns mitos e verdades que rodeiam esse tema tão importante, que merece atenção o ano inteiro!

  • Câncer de mama é majoritariamente invasivo, ou seja, propenso à metástase

Fato - Cânceres invasivos correspondem a 70% dos casos. "O tumor inicia em um ducto de leite, invade a parede e chega ao tecido adiposo da mama, por isso o nome. Além disso, pode se espalhar para outros órgãos, causando o que conhecemos como metástase", explica o especialista. "Vale ressaltar que as chances de metástase são mínimas quando o tratamento é iniciado no estágio inicial da doença". Vale destacar, porém, que mesmo cânceres não invasivos possuem potencial para se tornarem, caso haja a presença de determinados receptores hormonais.

  • Mutação no gene BRCA é sinônimo de câncer de mama

Fake - Sigla que ganhou os holofotes a partir da declaração de Angelina Jolie em 2013 sobre possuir a mutação genética, o BRCA mutado é responsável por cerca de 5% a 10% dos casos de câncer de mama. Mas isso não quer dizer que todas as pessoas que apresentam alteração no gene irão desenvolver algum tipo de câncer ao longo da vida. "Cerca de 55% a 65% das mulheres com a mutação no BRCA1 e 45% das mulheres com a mutação no BRCA2 desenvolverão a doença até os 70 anos de idade", explica o Dr. Gilberto.

Saber a respeito da existência desta mutação poder ser um diferencial no monitoramento e detecção precoce da doença, "por isso, testes genéticos são grandes aliados para que haja um processo de prevenção e, caso a paciente chegue a desenvolver o tumor maligno, otimizemos o tratamento no estágio inicial", completa.

  • Quanto mais jovem for a paciente diagnosticada, mais leve é o câncer

Fake – Um dos poucos tipos de câncer de mama predominantes em mulheres abaixo dos 50 anos, o CMTN (câncer de mama triplo negativo) prevalece ainda mais entre mulheres com menos de 35 anos. Responsável por cerca de 10 a 15% dos casos, ele é agressivo e tende a crescer e se espalhar rapidamente. Por outro lado, existem expectativas positivas na jornada desta paciente, caso o diagnóstico seja precoce.

  • Quando diagnosticada metástase, não há mais o que fazer

Fake – Apesar de ser uma palavra assustadora, a metástase não é sinônimo de falta de esperanças. Mesmo com câncer metastático, é possível encontrar um tratamento adequado para cada paciente e cada tipo de tumor. "Caso seja detectada a proteína HER2 (presente em cerca de 20% dos casos), por exemplo, existem diversos tratamentos específicos, as chamadas terapias-alvo, inclusive para casos metastáticos - uma maneira menos agressiva de controlar a doença", de acordo com o médico.

  • Autoexame e exames de rotina são importantes para detecção precoce de todos os tipos de câncer de mama

Fato parcial - O Dr. Gilberto reforça a importância do dos exames de rotina, como a mamografia anual após 40 anos, para detecção precoce do câncer, em especial de lesões impalpáveis, e conta que o autoexame, apesar de importante para que a mulher conheça melhor seu corpo, não garante um diagnóstico precoce.

O especialista ressalta também a importância de investigar o seu quadro e conhecer as particularidades da sua doença, uma vez que haja o diagnóstico. "Vivemos no tempo da medicina personalizada, cada vez mais conhecemos as características dos cânceres e aprendemos maneiras de tratar cada caso individualmente, promovendo melhores resultados e mais qualidade de vida aos pacientes", conclui.

Referências:

  • FEMAMA
    • Medicina personalizada: https://www.femama.org.br/site/br/noticia/medicina-personalizada-para-cada-paciente-um-tratamento
    • Pandemia leva a cancelamento de cirurgias e exames de doentes com câncer: https://www.femama.org.br/site/br/noticia/pandemia-leva-a-cancelamento-de-cirurgias-e-exames-de-doentes-com-cancer
  • Instituto Nacional do Câncer
    • Controle do câncer de mama – conceito e magnitude: https://www.inca.gov.br/controle-do-cancer-de-mama/conceito-e-magnitude
    • Tipos de câncer - câncer de mama: https://www.inca.gov.br/tipos-de-cancer/cancer-de-mama
  • Instituto Oncoguia
    • Tipos de câncer de mama: http://www.oncoguia.org.br/conteudo/tipos-de-cancer-de-mama/1382/34/
    • Mutações no gene BRCA causam diferentes tipos de câncer: http://www.oncoguia.org.br/conteudo/mutacoes-no-gene-brca-causam-diferentes-tipos-de-cancer/12568/7/
    • Câncer de mama HER2: http://www.oncoguia.org.br/conteudo/cancer-de-mama-her2/10880/264/

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