Global LNG Technology Insights and Evaluation - Small LNG Trains Regain Momentum

NEW YORK, June 13, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Global LNG Technology Insights and Evaluation – Small LNG Trains Regain Momentum

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Global LNG Technology Insights and Evaluation from LNGReports is a complete report on liquefaction technologies. The report provides all the technical and commercial aspects of developing a liquefaction terminal. Recent trends in liquefaction technology along with industry outlook are covered. Various technology providers available along with their technologies, operational and planned projects are provided. Further, all key components in development of liquefaction process are detailed. Leading constructor profiles are discussed in detail. Further, current status, feasibility and capital investment details are included for all planned LNG terminals. Latest technology trends and recent developments are also provided in the report.

Research Highlights

- LNG industry scope widening rapidly with 38 new liquefaction terminals scheduled for operation by 2020

- Against the historic trend, demand for small sized trains will be constructed between 2015 and 2020

- Over 68% of liquefaction terminals are developed through Air Products' technologies including SMR, C3MR, SplitMR and AP-X technologies

- APCI-C3MR dominates the global liquefaction industry based on its proven technology, high efficiency and simple process

- New technologies including APCI DMR, Chart Energy & Chemicals Inc- IPSMR, LNG Limited- OSMR and Shell PMR continue to emerge to meet specific terminal requirements

- An increasing number of constructors prefer ConocoPhillips Optimized cascade process

- Global LNG capital investments to witness strong growth with Asia Pacific leading the way

Table of Contents

1 Table of Contents 2

1.1 List of Tables 6

1.2 List of Figures 7

2 Global LNG Outlook to 2020- Technology and Market Perspective 8

2.1 Role of Liquefaction Technology in Current LNG Market Conditions 8

2.1.1 Liquefaction Unit Accounts for 30-40% of Total Plant Capital Cost 8

2.2 Liquefaction Process Overview 8

2.2.1 Liquefaction process block diagram 8

2.2.2 Acid Gas Removal Unit 9

2.2.3 Dehydration and Mercury Removal Unit 10

2.2.4 Liquefaction and Fractionation 11

2.2.5 LNG Storage Tank 12

2.3 Global LNG Capital Expenditure Forecast, 2011- 2016 12

2.3.1 LNG Capex Forecast by Region, 2011- 2015 13

2.3.2 LNG Capex Forecast by Type, 2011- 2015 13

2.4 Emerging LNG suppliers and buyers globally 14

2.5 LNG Capacity Forecast by Country, 2011- 2020 15

2.5.1 LNG Liquefaction Capacity Forecast by Country, 2011- 2020 15

2.5.2 LNG Regasification Capacity Forecast by Country, 2011- 2020 16

2.6 Global LNG Supply and Demand Outlook, 2011- 2020 17

2.6.1 LNG Supply Forecast by Country, 2011- 2020 17

2.6.2 LNG Demand Forecast by Country, 2011- 2020 18

3 Liquefaction Technology Trends to 2020 19

3.1 Demand for Small sized Liquefaction Trains Remains Robust over the Decade 19

3.2 Over 68% of liquefaction terminals are developed through Air Products' technologies 20

3.3 APCI- C3 MR Process Accounts for over 51% of Global LNG Capacity 22

3.4 New LNG Plant Builders Prefer ConocoPhillips Optimized Cascade Process 23

3.5 New Technologies Continue to Emerge to Cater Emerging LNG Markets Globally 24

3.6 ConocoPhillips Process Dominates in American Markets 25

3.6.1 Dominant LNG Technologies in Americas 25

3.6.2 Dominant LNG Technologies in Africa 26

3.6.3 Dominant Technologies in Asia Pacific 27

3.6.4 Dominant Technologies in Europe 28

3.6.5 Dominant Technologies in Middle East 29

3.7 Development of new plants in diversified geographies Pose Tough Challenges for Constructors 29

3.8 Of 156 Trains in 2020, 97 Terminals will be of APCI Technologies 30

4 Insights into Liquefaction Technologies 31

4.1 Main Components in Liquefaction Unit 31

4.1.1 Compressors and Condensers 31

4.1.2 Compressor Drivers 33

4.1.3 Heat Exchangers 34

4.1.4 Refrigerant 35

4.2 Basic Liquefaction Process 36

4.3 Liquefaction Cycles 36

4.4 Key Liquefaction Technologies 37

5 Global LNG Processes and Operational Details 39

5.1 Black and Veatch's PRICO Process and Terminals 39

5.1.1 PRICO Process Description 39

5.1.2 Terminals Constructed Using PRICO Process 39

5.2 APCI- SMR Liquefaction Process and Terminals 40

5.2.1 APCI- SMR Process Description 40

5.2.2 Terminals Constructed Using APCI- SMR Process 41

5.3 APCI- DMR Liquefaction Process and Terminals 41

5.3.1 APCI- DMR Process Description 41

5.3.2 Terminals Constructed Using APCI- DMR Process 42

5.4 APCI- C3MR Liquefaction Process and Terminals 42

5.4.1 APCI- C3MR Process Description 42

5.4.2 Terminals Constructed Using APCI- C3MR Process 43

5.5 APCI- C3MR/ SplitMR Liquefaction Process and Terminals 45

5.5.1 APCI- C3MR/ SplitMR Process Description 45

5.5.2 Terminals Constructed Using APCI- SplitMR Process 46

5.6 AP-X Liquefaction Process and Terminals 47

5.6.1 AP-X Process Description 47

5.6.2 Terminals Constructed Using AP- X Process 48

5.7 ConocoPhillips Optimized Cascade Process and Terminals 48

5.7.1 ConocoPhillips Optimized Cascade Process Description 48

5.7.2 Terminals Constructed Using ConocoPhillips Optimized Cascade Process 48

5.8 Linde MFC Liquefaction Process and Terminals 50

5.8.1 Linde MFC Liquefaction Process Description 50

5.8.2 Terminals Constructed Using Linde MFC Process 50

5.9 LNG Limited- OSMR Liquefaction Process and Terminals 51

5.9.1 LNG Limited- OSMR Liquefaction Process Description 51

5.9.2 Terminals Constructed Using LNG Limited- OSMR Process 51

5.10 Shell Liquefaction Processes- C3 MR, DMR, PMR and Terminals 52

5.10.1 Shell Liquefaction Processes Description 52

5.10.2 Terminals Constructed Using Shell Liquefaction Technologies 53

6 Scope and Evaluation of Various Liquefaction Technologies 54

6.1 Comparison of Global Liquefaction Technology Providers 54

6.2 Comparison of Global Liquefaction Technology by Capacity 56

6.3 Comparison of Global Liquefaction Technology by Train Size 58

6.4 Comparison of Global Liquefaction Technology by Region 59

7 Global Planned LNG Projects- Technology and Investment Details 60

7.1 Asia Pacific Planned Projects - Constructor, Technology, Capex and Current Status 60

7.2 Europe Planned Projects - Constructor, Technology, Capex and Current Status 62

7.3 Middle East Africa Planned Projects - Constructor, Technology, Capex and Current Status 63

7.4 Americas Planned Projects - Constructor, Technology, Capex and Current Status 64

8 Leading LNG Construction Contractors 65

8.1 Technip 65

8.1.1 Technip- Quick facts 65

8.1.2 Technip- Business Segments 65

8.1.3 Technip- Liquefaction Projects 67

8.1.4 Technip- FLNG Construction Contracts 67

8.1.5 Technip Contact Information 68

8.2 Chiyoda Corporation 68

8.2.1 Chiyoda Corporation- Quick Facts 68

8.2.2 Chiyoda Corporation- Business Segments 68

8.2.3 Major projects in progress 69

8.2.4 Chiyoda Corporation- Contact Information 69

8.3 Bechtel Corporation 70

8.3.1 Bechtel Corporation- Quick Facts 70

8.3.2 Bechtel Corporation- Major Projects Accomplished 70

8.3.3 Bechtel Corporation- Ongoing Projects 71

8.3.4 Bechtel Corporation- Contact Information 72

9 Latest Technology Trends and News 73

9.1 FMC Technologies Awarded Prelude FLNG contract - 15 May, 2012 73

9.2 Siemens awarded long-term service agreement for Santos GLNG - 10 May, 2012 74

9.3 GDF Suez Inks Deal with Cameron LNG – 3 May, 2012 74

9.4 Chart to supply equipment to an LNG project in Eastern Australia – 26 April, 2012 76

9.5 Black & Veatch selected for a major LNG liquefaction project in China – 24 April, 2012 77

9.6 Air Products to supply LNG technology to Ichthys LNG – 24 April, 2012 78

10 Appendix 80

10.1 LNG Supply Chain Analysis 80

10.1.1 Introduction to LNG 80

10.1.2 Typical LNG Components 80

10.1.3 Upstream 80

10.1.4 Liquefaction 81

10.1.5 Regasification 81

10.1.6 Storage & Transportation 82

10.2 Abbreviations 82

10.3 LNG Conversions 83

10.4 Sources and Methodology 83

10.5 About LNGReports 84

10.6 Disclaimer 84

List of Tables

Table 1: Typical Liquefaction Plant Capital cost Break Up (%) 8

Table 2: Global Planned LNG Capex Forecast by Region, $billion, 2011- 2015 13

Table 3: Global Planned LNG Capex Forecast by Type, $billion, 2011- 2015 13

Table 4: Emerging LNG Sellers and Buyers, 2012- 2020 14

Table 5: Global LNG Liquefaction Capacity Forecast by Country, mtpa, 2011- 2020 15

Table 6: Global LNG Regasification Capacity Forecast by Country, mtpa, 2011- 2020 16

Table 7: Global LNG Supply Forecast by Country, million tonnes, 2011- 2020 17

Table 8: Global LNG Demand Forecast by Country, million tonnes, 2011- 2020 18

Table 9: LNG Technology wise Liquefaction Capacity, 2011 22

Table 10: LNG Technologies of Planned Terminals 23

Table 11: LNG Technology Wise Planned Capacity, 2012- 2020 24

Table 12: Type of Heat Exchangers Used in Different Liquefaction Technologies 35

Table 13: PRICO Process- Liquefaction Terminals 39

Table 14: APCI- SMR Process- Liquefaction Terminals 41

Table 15: APCI- DMR Process- Liquefaction Terminals 42

Table 16: APCI- C3MR Process- Liquefaction Terminals 44

Table 17: APCI- SplitMR Process- Liquefaction Terminals 46

Table 18: AP- X Process- Liquefaction Terminals 48

Table 19: ConocoPhillips Optimized Cascade - Liquefaction Terminals 49

Table 20: Linde MFC Process- Liquefaction Terminals 50

Table 21: LNG Limited- OSMR Process- Liquefaction Terminals 51

Table 22: Shell LNG Technologies- Liquefaction Terminals 53

Table 23: Comparison of Global Liquefaction Technology Providers - Base load 54

Table 24: Comparison of Global Liquefaction Technology Providers – Small Scale 55

Table 25: Leading Technology Providers- Processes, Trains and Capacity, 2020 56

Table 26: Comparison of Global Liquefaction Technology by Region 59

Table 27: Asia Pacific Planned LNG Terminals- Technical and Construction Details-I 60

Table 28: Asia Pacific Planned LNG Terminals- Technical and Construction Details-- II 61

Table 29: Europe Planned LNG Terminals- Technical and Construction Details 62

Table 30: Middle East Africa Planned LNG Terminals- Technical and Construction Details 63

Table 31: Americas Planned LNG Terminals- Technical and Construction Details 64

List of Figures

Figure 1: LNG Process Flow Diagram 9

Figure 2: Typical Acid Removal Process 10

Figure 3: Typical Dehydration Unit 11

Figure 4: Global Planned LNG Capex Forecast, 2011- 2016 12

Figure 5: Evolution of Train Sizes, 1960- 2020 19

Figure 6: Train Sizes of Planned Terminals, 2012- 2020 20

Figure 7: Liquefaction Terminals by Technology Provider, 2011 21

Figure 8: Dominant Technologies in Americas, 2020 25

Figure 9: Dominant Technologies in Africa, 2020 26

Figure 10: Dominant Technologies in Asia Pacific, 2020 27

Figure 11: Dominant Technologies in Europe, 2020 28

Figure 12: Dominant Technologies in Middle East, 2020 29

Figure 13: LNG Trains Count by Technology, 2020 30

Figure 14: AP-XTM Liquefaction Process for Large Trains 32

Figure 15: Basic Refrigeration Process Flow Diagram 36

Figure 16: LNG Capacity by Technology Provider, 2020 57

Figure 17: LNG Technology by Train Size, 2020 58

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