NEW YORK, March 22, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:
Global Markets and Technologies for Bioplastics
http://www.reportlinker.com/p0801557/Global-Markets-and-Technologies-for-Bioplastics.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Business_Services
INTRODUCTION
One of the fastest-growing materials' sectors in the past four years has been the production of plastics from renewable resources referred to as bioplastics. The main driver is an interest in reducing use of petroleum as a feedstock because of its contribution to climate change, its pricing volatility and its occasional role as a political weapon.
This report explains the various types of bioplastics that are available, indicates key players and trends, and provides detailed forecasts on demand by global region and projected use by type of application, such as packaging, automotive, consumer goods and general industrial.
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Goals and objectives of this study include:
Identifying trends that will affect use of bioplastics and their major end-use application markets.
Reviewing, analyzing and forecasting specific end markets for bioplastics by material types, with sections devoted to each type of renewably sourced plastic.
Analyzing and forecasting market developments regarding major applications for bioplastics, including packaging, automotive, electrical/electronic, medical, building and construction.
Profiling many of the most important suppliers of bioplastics, including resin producers and compounders.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
The rapid emergence of bioplastics is one of the major materials stories in recent years. Once billed as biodegradable plastics, the theme for renewably sourced plastics has shifted dramatically in recent years to sustainability. To maximize market impact, the growing trend is to compound biobased plastics with oil-based plastics to extend their reach into markets for durable products used in cars and cell phones, among other applications. The focus has shifted away from contribution to the solid waste stream and toward total carbon footprint.
TARGET AUDIENCE OF THE STUDY
Due to the growing concern about climate change and negative health impacts of many existing materials, this report will be of interest to anyone who sells, designs or manufactures products that are or could be made from polymeric materials. This report will also be of value to individuals who are helping to establish public policy concerning issues ranging from limits on use of plastics packaging to potential limits on use of vinyl compounds in medical applications.
This report will be of value to technical and business personnel in the following areas:
Personnel in end-user companies in a wide range of industries, from retail bags to auto manufacturing.
Marketing and management personnel in companies that produce, market and sell any type of plastics.
Companies involved in the design and construction of process plants that manufacture resins and products made from the resins.
Companies that supply or want to supply equipment and services to plastics companies.
Financial institutions that supply money for such facilities and systems, including banks, merchant bankers and venture capitalists.
Investors in both equity and fixed-income markets; the fate of the plastics weighs heavily on the values of the publicly traded stocks of companies such as Eastman, Bayer, DSM and DuPont.
Personnel in government at many levels, ranging from federal to state and local authorities, many of whom are involved in trying to ensure public health and safety; the report also will be of interest to military scientists studying new packaging and equipment.
SCOPE AND FORMAT
The focus of this report is on plastics made from renewable resources such as biomass or food crops. There is even some potential development of bioplastics from animal resources. Plastics that may be potentially made from waste carbon dioxide are reviewed because of their potential impact on bioplastics, but their data is not included in the forecasts presented here. Bioplastics are further defined here as polymer materials that are produced by synthesizing—chemically or biologically—materials that contain renewable organic materials. Natural organic materials that are not chemically modified (e.g., wood composites) are excluded. The report includes the use of renewable resources to create monomers that replace petroleum-based monomers, such as feedstocks made from sugarcane that are used to manufacture polyester and polyethylene. Ethanol, a major product in Brazil, is one small chemical step from ethylene.
The focal point is on the following resin chemistries:
Polylactic acid.
Thermoplastic starch.
Bio-polyamides (nylons).
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA).
Bio-polyols and polyurethane.
Cellulosics.
Bio-polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT).
Bio-polyethylene.
Bio-polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Biodegradable and photodegradable polymers made from petrochemical feedstocks are not included. Other renewable resin chemistries are also covered but in less detail, as their roles are not as well-developed. These include collagen and chitosan.
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this report. Extensive searches were made of literature and Internet resources, including many of the leading trade publications, as well as technical compendia, government publications and information from trade and other associations. Many background sources were used to develop chemical and property descriptions, but all forecasts are solely attributable to BCC Research.
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS
Douglas A. Smock was the Chief Editor of Plastics World Magazine from 1986 to 1994 at the Cahners Publishing Co. He also served as a Senior Editor of Modern Plastics at the McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Associate Publisher and Editorial Director of Modern Mold and Tooling at the McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. and Chief Editor of Purchasing Magazine at Reed Business Information (RBI) from 2000 to 2004. At RBI, Smock also served as Co-chairman of the Corporate Editorial Board. He is the coauthor of Straight to the Bottom Line and On-Demand Supply Management, two leading books in the field of supply management. He is the former editor of BCC Research's newsletter High Tech Ceramic News. Smock received a Bachelor's degree in Economics from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Oh.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES . 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1
TARGET AUDIENCE OF THE STUDY 2
SCOPE AND FORMAT 2
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES. 3
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS 3
RELATED BCC REPORTS 4
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 4
DISCLAIMER . 4
CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY 5
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL BIOPLASTIC MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 5
SUMMARY FIGURE USE OF BIOPLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION,
2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) 6
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 7
CHAPTER THREE: THE BIOPLASTICS INDUSTRY 8
THE BIOPLASTICS INDUSTRY . 8
HISTORY OF BIOPLASTICS 9
HISTORY OF BIOPLASTICS (CONTINUED) . 10
PROS AND CONS OF BIOPLASTICS 11
OVERVIEW 11
CASE FOR BIOPLASTICS 11
Climate Change . 11
Volatility of Oil Pricing and Supply 11
Sustainability. 12
Corporate Environmental Policies 13
Government Involvement 13
Performance Advantages 13
CASE AGAINST BIOPLASTICS . 14
Cost . 14
Collection Infrastructure . 15
Lower Oil Pricing . 15
Food Supply Concerns . 15
Genetic Modification 16
CHAPTER FOUR: BIOPLASTICS BY RESIN TYPE . 17
POLYLACTIC ACID POLYMERS . 17
CHEMISTRY 17
PRODUCERS . 17
TABLE 1 GLOBAL PLA SUPPLIERS 18
TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) . 19
PRODUCTION . 19
TABLE 2 USE OF PLA BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 20
FIGURE 1 USE OF PLA BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 21
PROPERTIES . 22
PROCESSING 23
Modifications 24
APPLICATIONS . 24
TABLE 3 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR POLYLACTIC ACID BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 25
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR POLYLACTIC ACID BY
APPLICATION, 2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) . 25
Food Packaging 26
Thermoformed Packaging . 26
Electronics 27
Bottles 27
Automotive . 28
Other Potential Applications 29
COMPOUNDING . 29
Blends . 29
Additives 30
Additives (Continued) . 31
Other Compounds 32
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 33
Biodegradability 33
Recycling 33
Recycling (Continued) . 34
SELLING PRICES . 35
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 35
STARCH-BASED PLASTICS . 36
CHEMISTRY 36
PRODUCERS . 37
TABLE 4 GLOBAL STARCH POLYMER PRODUCERS . 37
TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) . 38
PRODUCTION . 38
TABLE 5 USE OF STARCH-BASED PLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 39
FIGURE 3 USE OF STARCH-BASED PLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION,
2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) 39
PROCESSING 40
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 40
Biodegradability 40
Recyclability . 41
APPLICATIONS . 41
TABLE 6 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR THERMOPLASTIC STARCH BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 41
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR THERMOPLASTIC STARCH BY
APPLICATION, 2009 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 42
PACKAGING 42
Packaging (Continued) 43
Food Serviceware . 44
Furniture 44
TABLE 7 PRODUCTS MADE FROM STARCH POLYMERS . 44
Agriculture . 44
COMPOUNDING . 45
Blends . 45
Polyvinyl Alcohol-starch Blends . 46
POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES . 46
CHEMISTRY 47
PRODUCERS . 47
TABLE 8 GLOBAL PHA SUPPLIERS 48
PRODUCTION . 49
TABLE 9 USE OF PHA BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 50
FIGURE 5 USE OF PHA BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 51
PROPERTIES . 51
PROCESSING 52
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 52
Biodegradability 52
Recycling 53
APPLICATIONS . 53
TABLE 10 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PHA BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 54
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PHA BY APPLICATION, 2009-2016
(METRIC TONS) 54
Food Packaging 55
Bath Products 55
Compost Bags 55
Other Potential Applications 55
SUBSTITUTION POTENTIAL . 56
COMPOUNDING . 56
Use of Blends . 56
Additives for PHA 56
SELLING PRICES . 57
POLYBUTYLENE SUCCINATE-TYPE POLYESTERS . 57
CHEMISTRY 57
PRODUCERS . 57
TABLE 11 GLOBAL SUPPLIERS OF BIO PBS . 58
Producers (Continued) . 59
DEMAND 60
TABLE 12 USE OF PBS BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 60
FIGURE 7 USE OF PBS BY GLOBAL REGION, 2009-2016 (METRIC
TONS) . 60
PROPERTIES . 61
PROCESSING 61
APPLICATIONS . 61
TABLE 13 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PBS BY APPLICATION, THROUGH
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 62
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PBS BY APPLICATION, 2009-2016
(METRIC TONS) 63
Packaging . 63
Automotive . 64
Furniture 64
BIOBASED POLYAMIDES 64
CHEMISTRY 65
PRODUCERS . 65
TABLE 14 GLOBAL BIO-POLYAMIDE SUPPLIERS . 65
PRODUCTION . 66
TABLE 15 USE OF BIO-POLYAMIDES BY GLOBAL REGION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 66
FIGURE 9 USE OF BIO-POLYAMIDES BY GLOBAL REGION, 2009-
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 67
PROPERTIES . 68
PROCESSING 69
APPLICATIONS . 69
TABLE 16 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIO-POLYAMIDES BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 69
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIO-POLYAMIDES BY
APPLICATION, 2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) . 69
Automotive . 70
Electrical/electronic . 70
Sporting Goods . 71
Oil Country Goods . 71
Other Potential Applications 71
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS . 71
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 71
POLYTRIMETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE-TYPE POLYESTERS 72
CHEMISTRY 72
PRODUCER . 73
TABLE 17 GLOBAL SUPPLIERS OF PTT-TYPE POLYESTERS 73
PRODUCTION . 73
TABLE 18 USE OF BIO-PTT BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 74
FIGURE 11 USE OF BIO-PTT BY GLOBAL REGION, 2009-2016
(METRIC TONS) 74
PROPERTIES . 75
APPLICATIONS . 75
TABLE 19 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIO-PTT BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 76
FIGURE 12 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIO-PTT BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 76
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 77
BIOBASED POLYURETHANE . 77
CHEMISTRY 78
PRODUCERS . 78
Producers (Continued) . 79
TABLE 20 GLOBAL BIO-POLYOL SUPPLIERS 80
PRODUCTION . 81
TABLE 21 USE OF BIO-POLYOLS BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 82
FIGURE 13 USE OF BIO-POLYOLS BY GLOBAL REGION, 2009-2016
(METRIC TONS) 82
PROPERTIES . 83
APPLICATIONS . 84
TABLE 22 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIO-POLYOLS BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 84
FIGURE 14 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIO-POLYOLS BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 85
Applications (Continued) . 86
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 87
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 88
CELLULOSICS . 88
CHEMISTRY 88
PRODUCERS . 88
TABLE 23 GLOBAL SUPPLIERS OF CELLULOSE PLASTIC 89
PRODUCTION . 89
TABLE 24 USE OF CELLULOSIC PLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 90
FIGURE 15 USE OF CELLULOSIC PLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 90
PROPERTIES . 91
APPLICATIONS . 91
Applications (Continued) . 92
TABLE 25 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR CELLULOSIC PLASTICS BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 93
FIGURE 16 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR CELLULOSIC PLASTICS BY
APPLICATION, 2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) 93
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 94
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 95
OTHER TYPES OF BIOPLASTICS . 95
BIOBASED BOTTLE-GRADE POLYESTER . 95
TABLE 26 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR OTHER BIOPLASTICS, THROUGH
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 96
FIGURE 17 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR OTHER BIOPLASTICS BY
APPLICATION, 2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) . 97
BIOBASED POLYETHYLENE . 98
TABLE 27 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR OTHER BIOPLASTICS BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 99
FIGURE 18 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR OTHER BIOPLASTIC BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 99
ELASTOMERS . 100
ALIPHATIC POLYETHYLENE CARBONATE . 100
GLOBAL DEMAND . 101
TABLE 28 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR OTHER BIOPLASTICS BY
GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 101
FIGURE 19 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR OTHER BIOPLASTICS, 2009-2016
(METRIC TONS) 101
ANIMAL-BASED FEEDSTOCKS . 102
Collagen . 102
Chitosan . 103
CARDANOL-CELLULOSE . 104
NEAT CARDANOL 105
Neat Cardanol (Continued) . 106
CHAPTER FIVE: GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR BIOPLASTICS . 107
TABLE 29 GLOBAL BIOPLASTIC MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC
TONS) . 107
FIGURE 20 GLOBAL BIOPLASTIC MARKET, 2009-2016 (METRIC
TONS) . 108
TABLE 30 USE OF PLA BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 109
TABLE 31 USE OF STARCH PLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 110
TABLE 32 USE OF PBS BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 111
GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR … (CONTINUED) 112
CHAPTER SIX: BIOPLASTICS IN THE AMERICAS 113
U.S. 113
TOTAL PLASTICS . 113
BIOPLASTICS 113
MAJOR PRODUCERS . 113
TABLE 33 MAJOR U.S. BIOPLASTICS PRODUCERS 114
TYPES OF BIOPLASTICS 114
TABLE 34 U.S. BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE, THROUGH
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 115
FIGURE 21 U.S. BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE, 2009-2016
(METRIC TONS) 116
APPLICATIONS . 116
TABLE 35 U.S. DEMAND FOR BIOPLASTICS BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 117
BRAZIL 117
TOTAL PLASTICS . 117
BIOPLASTICS 118
MAJOR PRODUCERS . 118
TABLE 36 MAJOR BRAZILIAN BIOPLASTICS PRODUCERS* . 119
TYPES OF BIOPLASTICS 120
TABLE 37 BRAZILIAN BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 120
FIGURE 22 BRAZILIAN BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE
(METRIC TONS) 121
APPLICATIONS . 121
TABLE 38 BRAZILIAN DEMAND FOR BIOPLASTICS BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 122
ELSEWHERE IN THE AMERICAS . 122
Canada . 122
Canada (Continued) 123
CHAPTER SEVEN: EUROPEAN BIOPLASTICS MARKET. 124
GERMANY 124
TOTAL PLASTICS . 124
BIOPLASTICS 124
MAJOR PRODUCERS . 125
TABLE 39 MAJOR GERMAN BIOPLASTICS PRODUCERS . 125
TYPES OF BIOPLASTICS 125
TABLE 40 GERMAN BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 126
FIGURE 23 GERMAN BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE, 2009-
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 126
APPLICATIONS . 127
TABLE 41 GERMAN DEMAND FOR BIOPLASTICS BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 127
ITALY 127
TOTAL PLASTICS . 127
BIOPLASTICS 128
MAJOR PRODUCERS . 128
TABLE 42 MAJOR ITALIAN BIOPLASTICS PRODUCERS 128
TYPES OF BIOPLASTICS 129
TABLE 43 ITALIAN BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 129
FIGURE 24 ITALIAN BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE, 2009-
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 130
APPLICATIONS . 130
TABLE 44 ITALIAN DEMAND FOR BIOPLASTICS BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 131
ELSEWHERE IN EUROPE 131
France 131
The Netherlands 131
The Netherlands (Continued) . 132
CHAPTER EIGHT: ASIAN BIOPLASTICS MARKET . 133
CHINA . 133
TOTAL PLASTICS . 133
BIOPLASTICS 133
MAJOR PRODUCERS . 134
TABLE 45 MAJOR CHINESE BIOPLASTICS PRODUCERS 135
BIOPLASTIC TYPES . 136
TABLE 46 CHINESE BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 136
FIGURE 25 CHINESE BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE, 2009-
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 137
APPLICATIONS . 137
TABLE 47 CHINESE DEMAND FOR BIOPLASTICS BY APPLICATION
(METRIC TONS) 138
FIGURE 26 CHINESE DEMAND FOR BIOPLASTICS BY
APPLICATION, 2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) 139
JAPAN . 139
TOTAL PLASTICS . 140
BIOPLASTICS 140
MAJOR PRODUCERS . 140
TABLE 48 MAJOR JAPANESE BIOPLASTICS PRODUCERS 141
BIOPLASTICS TYPES 141
TABLE 49 JAPANESE BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 142
FIGURE 27 JAPANESE BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE, 2009-
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 142
APPLICATIONS . 143
TABLE 50 JAPANESE DEMAND FOR BIOPLASTICS BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 143
FIGURE 28 JAPANESE DEMAND FOR BIOPLASTICS BY
APPLICATION, 2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) 144
ELSEWHERE IN ASIA . 144
Elsewhere in Asia (Continued) . 145
CHAPTER NINE: BIOPLASTIC PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES 146
EXTRUSION . 146
COMPOUNDING 146
STARCH POLYMERS . 147
PLA AND PHA . 147
BLENDS WITH OIL-BASED PLASTICS . 147
TABLE 51 EXAMPLES OF BIOPLASTIC EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS 147
PELLETIZING 148
FOAMING . 148
FOAMING (CONTINUED) 149
STORAGE AND DRYING . 150
USE OF REGRIND . 150
CAST FILM . 151
THERMOFORMING 152
INJECTION MOLDING . 152
INJECTION MOLDING (CONTINUED) 153
CHAPTER TEN: MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS 154
TABLE 52 GLOBAL BIOPLASTICS DEMAND, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 154
FIGURE 29 GLOBAL BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY RESIN TYPE, 2009-
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 155
TABLE 53 GLOBAL BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 156
FIGURE 30 GLOBAL BIOPLASTIC MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2009-
2016 (METRIC TONS) . 157
CHAPTER ELEVEN: APPLICATIONS 158
OVERVIEW . 158
PACKAGING . 158
MARKET FORECAST . 158
TABLE 54 USE OF BIOPLASTICS IN PACKAGING APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 158
FIGURE 31 USE OF BIOPLASTICS IN PACKAGING APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 159
SNACK FOOD 159
SHOPPING BAGS 160
BOTTLES . 161
THERMOFORMED TRAYS 161
LOOSE-FILL PACKAGING 162
CUPS AND UTENSILS . 162
FOAM PACKAGING 163
RIGID PACKAGING 164
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 164
AUTOMOTIVE 165
TABLE 55 USE OF BIOPLASTICS IN AUTOMOTIVE AND
TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC
TONS) . 166
FIGURE 32 USE OF BIOPLASTICS IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS,
2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) 166
INTERIOR . 167
FOAMS . 167
COMPONENTS 167
Components (Continued) . 168
Components (Continued) . 169
FUEL COMPONENTS 170
EXTERIOR . 171
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 172
AGRICULTURE 172
MEDICAL 173
MARKET FORECAST . 173
TABLE 56 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR BIOPLASTICS IN MEDICAL
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 173
FIGURE 33 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR BIOPLASTICS IN MEDICAL
APPLICATIONS, 2009-2016 (METRIC TONS) . 174
DISPOSABLE DEVICES . 174
ORTHOPEDIC FIXATION DEVICES 175
DRUG DELIVERY . 175
HYDROGELS . 176
MICROSPHERES 177
TISSUE ENGINEERING 177
Tissue Engineering (Continued) . 178
Tissue Engineering (Continued) . 179
STENTS 180
HYGENIC PRODUCTS . 181
MEDICAL PACKAGING . 182
Medical Packaging (Continued) 183
Medical Packaging (Continued) 184
OTHER MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 185
AIRCRAFT 185
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS . 185
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS (CONTINUED) 186
LIQUID-CRYSTAL DISPLAYS . 187
CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS 188
SPORTING GOODS . 189
PHOTOVOLTAICS 189
Photovoltaics (Continued) . 190
CHAPTER TWELVE: ISSUES FACING BIOPLASTICS . 191
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES . 191
COMPOSTING . 191
RECYCLABILITY 192
FOOD SUPPLY ISSUE 193
CARBON FOOTPRINT 193
GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT 194
Direct Actions 194
U.S. 194
Ohio 194
Seattle, Wash. . 194
Europe . 195
Germany 195
Italy 195
Indirect Actions . 195
Canada 195
Japan . 195
Recycling (Continued) . 196
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATIONS. 197
BIOBASED 197
ASTM D6866 197
PD CEN/TR 15932:2010 . 197
BIODEGRADABILITY . 198
EN 13432, ASTM D6400 AND ISO 17088 198
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: COMPANY PROFILES 199
ALGIX 199
ARKEMA . 199
AVANTIUM . 200
BASF 200
BIOAMBER . 201
BIOLOG BIOTECHNOLOGIE UND LOGISTIK GMBH . 202
BIOBASED CHEM CO. LTD. 202
BIOMATERA 203
BIOME TECHNOLOGIES . 203
BIOMER 204
BIOP BIOPOLYMER TECHNOLOGIES 204
BIOTEC BIOLOGISCHE NATURVERPACKUNGEN GMBH 204
BRASKEM . 205
CARDIA BIOPLASTICS . 205
CARGILL . 206
CEREPLAST . 206
CERES . 207
CHINA GREEN MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES 208
DANIMER SCIENTIFIC/MEREDIAN 208
DOW PLASTICS . 209
DUPONT . 209
DUPONT TATE & LYLE BIO PRODUCTS 210
DSM . 210
DURECT CORP. . 211
EASTMAN CHEMICAL . 211
ENTEK MANUFACTURING INC. 212
FABRI-KAL . 212
FKUR PLASTICS CORP. . 212
FUTERRO . 213
GREEN DAY ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIAL CO. . 213
HUHTAMAKI . 214
INNOVIA FILMS 214
JAPAN CORN STARCH CO. . 214
JSR CORP. 215
KANEKA . 215
KINGFA 216
LAUREL BIOCOMPOSITE 216
METABOLIX . 217
MICROMIDAS 217
MITR PHOL SUGAR CORP. 218
MYRIANT TECHNOLOGIES LLC 218
NATUREWORKS 219
NGAI HING HONG CO. . 219
NOVAMONT . 220
PLANTIC TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 221
PLASTICS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES 221
PLAXICA . 222
POLYONE . 222
PTT CHEMICAL . 223
PURAC 223
PYRAMID BIOPLASTICS GUBEN . 224
RHEIN CHEMIE RHEINAU . 225
RODENBURG BIOPOLYMERS B.V. 225
RTP CO. . 226
SOLANYL BIOPOLYMERS . 226
SYNBRA TECHNOLOGY 226
SYNTHEZYME . 227
TATE & LYLE . 227
TEKNOR-APEX 227
TEIJIN . 228
TELLES . 228
TIANAN BIOLOGIC MATERIAL CO. . 228
TIANJIN GREEN BIO-SCIENCE CO. LTD. 229
TORAY . 229
TRELLIS EARTH PRODUCTS 230
URETHANE SOY SYSTEMS CO. . 230
VIRENT ENERGY SYSTEMS . 231
WUHAN HUALI ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CO. . 231
ZEACHEM INC. 231
ZHEJIANG HISUN BIOMATERIALS CO. . 232
APPENDIX A: LEADING BIOPLASTICS TRADE GROUPS 233
JAPAN BIOPLASTICS ASSOCIATION (JBPA) . 233
EUROPEAN BIOPLASTICS 233
SPI BIOPLASTICS COUNCIL (USA) 233
SPI BIOPLASTICS COUNCIL (USA) (CONTINUED) 234
APPENDIX B: IMPORTANT ACRONYMS RELATED TO BIOPLASTICS . 235
IMPORTANT ACRONYMS … (CONTINUED) 236
APPENDIX C: SELECTED GLOSSARY OF TERMS 237
SELECTED GLOSSARY OF TERMS (CONTINUED) 238
SELECTED GLOSSARY OF TERMS (CONTINUED) 239
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