Green Energy in Germany: Renewable Sources, Capacity Growth and Future Outlook
NEW YORK, July 7 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:
Green Energy in Germany: Renewable sources, capacity growth and future outlook
During 2004–08, Germany's electricity generation increased at a low CAGR of 0.7% largely due to adoption of energy efficiency measures with the aim to reduce growth in demand. Germany's energy policy is governed by the strategy to reduce dependence on imports of fossil fuels, while simultaneously switching to renewable and clean energy technologies. With the introduction of feed-in tariffs under the EEG in 2000, renewable energy technologies experienced strong growth. In order to meet the emission reduction target laid out in the EU directive, Germany adopted its own national climate action plan. At present, German government incentives and mandates are the main drivers of renewable energy in Germany.
This report documents the growth of the German renewable energy market, showing its current status and projecting where it is likely to grow to in the foreseeable future.
This document gathers the statistical data on the different types of energy generation, combines and contrasts them against each other to show the clear leaders, drivers to change and future growth.
Key features of this report
• Overview of the German electricity market with focus on renewable energy. Analysis of energy type volumes, capacity installed, and generation output in Germany.
• Growth of renewables – installed capacity and generation, government mandates and incentives, and comparative economics.
• Information and analysis by renewable energy sector – wind, biomass, hydro, solar, geothermal, and biofuels.
• Installed capacity and generation, global comparison, key players, economics, drivers, resistors, and outlook for each renewable energy sector.
Scope of this report
• Achieve a quick and comprehensive understanding of how German market trends and legislation are influencing the development of the renewable energy market.
• Assess the emerging trends in renewable energy technology – wind, biomass, hydropower, solar, geothermal, and biofuels - capacity and generation.
• Quantify value and volume growth potential in German electricity market and in energy generation technology type.
• Understand the major issues affecting the German electricity industry in general and renewable electricity in particular.
• Predict the key growth areas in the German renewable energy industry.
Key Market Issues
• EU Emission Reduction Targets: Historically, the EU's emission reduction targets are the primary drivers for implementation of policies that encouraged usage of renewable energy in the EU member states. The EU's directive on reducing GHG emissions through increased usage of renewable energy is expected to be met at individual country-level through their own policies.
• Renewable Energy Incentives and Mandates: In order to meet the emission reduction target laid out in the EU directive, Germany adopted its own national climate action plan. The EEG enacted in 2000 regularly monitors and adjusts the tariffs to suit market conditions and technological developments.
• Energy Security: Germany is increasingly substituting its fuel-based power generation with domestically-produced renewable energy, primarily to reduce its dependency on imports of fossil fuels from countries such as Russia.
Key findings from this report
• In 2008, Germany's electricity generation totaled 612.8TWh, an increase of 0.3% over 2007. During 2004–08, Germany's electricity generation increased at a low CAGR of 0.7% largely due to adoption of energy efficiency measures with the aim to reduce growth in demand.
• Contribution of fossil-fuel based generation to the total electricity generation in Germany reduced from 90.3% in 2004 to 84.9% in 2008, while share of renewables increased from 9.7% in 2004 to 15.1% in 2008. Germany's increased preference for renewables is driven by the need to replace fossil fuels while countering climate change.
• Installed capacity for electricity generation from renewable sources increased from 4,651MW in 1990 to 37,406MW in 2008 largely led by phenomenal growth in wind energy capacity from 56MW in 1990 to 23,895MW in 2008.
Key questions answered
• What are the drivers shaping and influencing new capacity installed in the energy industry?
• How will renewable energy technologies capacity share perform to 2050? What are the opportunities?
• What are the forecast market growth rates 2008-2050?
• What is the policy framework governing the renewable energy market?
Table of Contents
Green Energy in Germany
Executive summary 10
Market development 10
Wind power 11
Biomass 12
Hydropower 12
Solar power 13
Geothermal power 14
Biofuels 15
Chapter 1 Market development 18
Summary 18
Overview of Germany electricity market 19
Generation and installed capacity 19
Average retail electricity price 21
Overview of renewable energy in Germany 22
Background 22
Installed capacity and growth of renewables 24
Drivers of renewable energy 29
EU emission reduction targets 29
German government incentives and mandates 31
Technological developments leading to decrease in costs 32
Resistors of renewable energy 33
Uncertainty in government support 33
High cost of renewable energy technologies 34
Concerns over impact on environment and habitat 34
Comparative economics 35
Global comparison 36
Chapter 2 Wind power 38
Summary 38
Overview 39
Current scenario 39
Installed capacity and generation 39
Global comparison 40
Key players 41
Economics 43
Drivers of wind power 43
EU mandates and government incentives 43
Technological developments 44
Resistors of wind power 45
Uncertainty in government support and dampened private financing 45
High cost of grid connection 45
Wind power outlook 45
Chapter 3 Biomass 50
Summary 50
Overview 51
Current scenario 51
Installed capacity and generation 51
Global comparison 52
Key players 53
Economics 54
Drivers of biomass 54
Government incentives 54
Increasing potential as a heating resource 54
Attractiveness of co-firing 55
Resistors of Biomass 55
Loss of biodiversity 55
Increasing raw material costs 55
Biomass outlook 56
Chapter 4 Hydropower 60
Summary 60
Overview 61
Current scenario 61
Installed capacity and generation 61
Global comparison 62
Key players 64
Economics 65
Drivers of hydropower 65
Government incentives 65
Potential to develop small hydropower facilities 66
Resistors of hydropower 67
High environmental and social impact 67
EU's Water Framework Directive 67
Hydropower outlook 68
Chapter 5 Solar power 72
Summary 72
Overview 73
Current scenario 73
Installed capacity and generation 73
Global comparison 74
Key players 76
Economics 76
Drivers of solar power 78
Matured and stable PV market 78
Resistors of solar power 79
Possible cut in feed-in tariff rates for solar power 79
Cost disadvantage of local module manufacturers over Chinese counterparts 79
Solar power outlook 80
Chapter 6 Geothermal power 84
Summary 84
Overview 85
Current scenario 85
Installed capacity and generation 85
Global comparison 86
Economics 88
Drivers of geothermal power 88
Government incentives 88
High capacity factor/base load potential 89
Resistors of geothermal power 89
Need for effective technology 89
Lack of early stage finance 90
Competition for drilling equipment from oil and gas industry 90
Geothermal power outlook 91
Chapter 7 Biofuels 94
Summary 94
Overview 95
Current scenario 95
Installed capacity and generation 95
Global comparison 96
Key players 97
Economics 98
Drivers of biofuels 98
Government initiatives to foster growth 98
Second-generation biofuels to drive growth 98
Resistors of biofuels 99
Food versus fuel conflict 99
Increasing tax burden 100
Biofuels outlook 100
Chapter 8 Outlook 104
Outlook for the German electricity sector 104
Outlook for renewables 106
Appendix 110
Glossary 110
Index 111
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Gross electricity generation by source (TWh), 2004–08 20
Figure 1.2: Installed capacity by energy source (MW), 2008 21
Figure 1.3: Growth of electricity generation from renewables (TWh), 1990–08 24
Figure 1.4: Installed capacity of renewable energy (MW), 1990–08 26
Figure 1.5: Germany, structure of renewable energy generation market (%), 2008 27
Figure 1.6: Germany, structure of final energy supply from renewable energy sources (%), 200828
Figure 1.7: Germany, structure of fuel supply from renewable energy sources (%), 2008 29
Figure 1.8: Instruments adopted by EU member states for the promotion of renewable energy 31
Figure 2.9: Germany, cumulative installed wind power capacity (MW), 2004–08 40
Figure 2.10: Top 5 countries by cumulative installed wind power capacity (MW), 2008 41
Figure 2.11: Germany, wind power key players (%), 2008 42
Figure 2.12: Germany, wind power generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 47
Figure 3.13: Germany, cumulative installed biomass capacity (MW), 2004–08 52
Figure 3.14: Top 5 countries by biomass power generation (TWh), 2008 53
Figure 3.15: Germany, biomass power generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 57
Figure 4.16: Germany, cumulative installed hydropower capacity (MW), 2004–08 62
Figure 4.17: Top 3 countries by cumulative installed small hydropower capacity (MW), 2008 63
Figure 4.18: Top 5 countries by hydropower consumption (TWh), 2008 64
Figure 4.19: Germany, hydropower generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 69
Figure 5.20: Germany, cumulative installed solar PV capacity (MW), 2004–08 74
Figure 5.21: Top 5 countries by cumulative installed solar PV capacity (MW), 2008 75
Figure 5.22: Solar PV module price per peak kilowatt (euro/kWp) 77
Figure 5.23: Germany, solar PV cumulative capacity projections (MW), 2009–13 81
Figure 5.24: Germany, solar PV generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 82
Figure 6.25: Germany, cumulative installed geothermal capacity (MW), 2004–08 86
Figure 6.26: Top 5 countries by cumulative geothermal installed capacity (MW), 2005 87
Figure 6.27: Germany, geothermal power generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 92
Figure 7.28: Germany, energy generated from biofuels (TWh), 2004–08 96
Figure 7.29: Top 5 countries by biofuels production (barrels per day), 2008 97
Figure 7.30: Germany, biofuels energy generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 101
Figure 8.31: Primary energy forecasts (PJ/year), 2010–50 105
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Gross electricity generation by source (TWh), 2004–08 19
Table 1.2: Installed capacity by energy source (MW), 2008 21
Table 1.3: Growth of electricity generation from renewables (TWh), 1990–08 23
Table 1.4: Installed capacity of renewable energy (MW), 1990–08 25
Table 1.5: Germany, structure of renewable energy generation market (%), 2008 26
Table 1.6: Germany, structure of final energy supply from renewable energy sources (%), 200827
Table 1.7: Germany, structure of fuel supply from renewable energy sources (%), 2008 28
Table 1.8: Cost of electricity generation by fuel type, 2008 35
Table 1.9: Global comparison of cumulative installed renewable energy capacity, 2008 36
Table 2.10: Germany, cumulative installed wind power capacity (MW), 2004–08 40
Table 2.11: Top 5 countries by cumulative installed wind power capacity (MW), 2008 41
Table 2.12: Germany, wind power key players (%), 2008 42
Table 2.13: Germany, wind power generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 47
Table 3.14: Germany, cumulative installed biomass capacity (MW), 2004–08 52
Table 3.15: Top 5 countries by biomass power generation (TWh), 2008 53
Table 3.16: Germany, biomass power generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 56
Table 4.17: Germany, cumulative installed hydropower capacity (MW), 2004–08 62
Table 4.18: Top 3 countries by cumulative installed small hydropower capacity (MW), 2008 63
Table 4.19: Top 5 countries by hydropower consumption (TWh), 2008 64
Table 4.20: Germany, hydropower generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 68
Table 5.21: Germany, cumulative installed solar PV capacity (MW), 2004–08 74
Table 5.22: Top 5 countries by cumulative installed solar PV capacity (MW), 2008 75
Table 5.23: Solar PV module price per peak kilowatt (euro/kWp) 77
Table 5.24: Germany, solar PV cumulative capacity projections (MW), 2009–13 80
Table 5.25: Germany, solar PV generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 81
Table 6.26: Germany, cumulative installed geothermal capacity (MW), 2004–08 86
Table 6.27: Top 5 countries by cumulative geothermal installed capacity (MW), 2005 87
Table 6.28: Germany, geothermal power generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 91
Table 7.29: Germany, energy generated from biofuels (TWh), 2004–08 95
Table 7.30: Top 5 countries by biofuels production (barrels per day), 2008 97
Table 7.31: Germany, biofuels energy generation projections (TWh), 2010–50 100
Table 8.32: Primary energy forecasts (PJ/year), 2010–50 104
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